石
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]石 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 10600, composition ⿸丆口)
- Kangxi radical #112, ⽯.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/石
- 佦, 㓈, 𠰴, 坧, 妬, 𡯝, 𡶌, 𫹺, 拓, 沰, 𨒙, 𪰒, 柘, 𣭏, 炻, 𤤟, 𦚈, 祏, 䄷, 䇉, 袥, 𫂹, 䖨, 𧣔, 𧦳, 磊, 䞠, 跖, 𨋓, 鉐(𬬷), 鮖, 鼫, 𮯂
- 劯, 斫, 𣗁, 䲽, 宕, 岩, 沯, 𥥔, 𫅂, 雼, 𡻦, 𮫁, 𪔑, 𪊞, 𭚇, 乭, 𭀽, 𡊵, 𡶪, 𤇈, 㸴, 𧵔, 𨀂, 𨥴, 䦒, 𡇈, 唘, 䀾, 㻹, 𥗉, 𥗌, 𥗐, 𥗑, 𥗹, 𥗺, 𥗻, 𥗼, 𥗽, 𥗾, 𥗿, 𥘀, 𥘁, 𥘂, 𥘃, 𥘄
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
- Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2416, character 1
- Unihan data for U+77F3
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
石 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 石 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) : a stone beneath a cliff (厂). The cliff was subsequently distorted into 丆.
Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.
Etymology 1
[edit]Unknown. Probably related to Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (“stone”) (whence Vietnamese đá and Khmer ដា (daa, “rock; stone”)) (Schuessler, 2007), to which Chinese would have added the familiar final -k.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шы (šɨ, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): sah7 / siit6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): seh5
- Northern Min (KCR): ciō̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): siŏh / sĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zaq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
- Wade–Giles: shih2
- Yale: shŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: si2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шы (šɨ, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sek6 / sek6-2
- Yale: sehk / sék
- Cantonese Pinyin: sek9 / sek9-2
- Guangdong Romanization: ség6 / ség6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛːk̚²/, /sɛːk̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: siak4
- Sinological IPA (key): /siak̚²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: sah7 / siit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /saʔ²/, /sɨt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: sag
- Hagfa Pinyim: sag6
- Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciō̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siɔ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏh / sĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /suoʔ⁵/, /siʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- siŏh - vernacular;
- sĭk - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā
- Tâi-lô: siā
- Phofsit Daibuun: sia
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sia²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /sia⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍h
- Tâi-lô: sia̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: siah
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /siaʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
- Tâi-lô: si̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: sek
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
- Tâi-lô: si̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: sit
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍t
- Tâi-lô: se̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: set
- IPA (Hui'an): /set̚²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍k
- Tâi-lô: sia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: siak
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /siak̚²⁴/
- IPA (Hui'an): /siak̚²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ziêh8 / zioh8 / sig8 / sêg8 / siêh8 / sioh8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsie̍h / tsio̍h / si̍k / se̍k / sie̍h / sio̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieʔ⁴/, /t͡sioʔ⁴/, /sik̚⁴/, /sek̚⁴/, /sieʔ⁴/, /sioʔ⁴/
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 石 |
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Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ʃz̩⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /sz̩²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /sz̩³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /sz̩²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ʂʐ̩³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /ʂəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /səʔ⁵⁴/ |
Pingyao | /ʂʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /səʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zaʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /zɑʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /zɑʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /zei²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕi²²/ |
Tunxi | /ɕi¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ʂɒ⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sɑʔ²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /sak̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɛk̚²/ |
Nanning | /sɛk̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɛk̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sik̚⁵/ /t͡sioʔ⁵/ /sia²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /suoʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡siɔ⁴⁴/ /si⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sioʔ⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sek̚⁵/ /t͡sio³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzyek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*dAk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*djaɡ/
Definitions
[edit]石
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一片石
- 三生石
- 下石
- 上馬石/上马石
- 亂石/乱石 (luànshí)
- 介石
- 信石 (xìnshí)
- 光鹵石/光卤石
- 八石
- 凍石/冻石
- 凝水石
- 刊石
- 刻石 (kèshí)
- 剛石/刚石
- 勒石 (lèshí)
- 化石 (huàshí)
- 化石學/化石学
- 匠石 (jiàngshí)
- 匪石
- 印石
- 卵石 (luǎnshí)
- 古石 (Gǔshí)
- 吐酒石
- 吸鐵石/吸铁石 (xītiěshí)
- 嘛呢石 (mānīshí)
- 嘉石
- 土石 (tǔshí)
- 土石流 (tǔshíliú)
- 基石 (jīshí)
- 培石 (Péishí)
- 墊腳石/垫脚石 (diànjiǎoshí)
- 壽山石/寿山石
- 大理石 (dàlǐshí)
- 太湖石
- 太石 (Tàishí)
- 天青石 (tiānqīngshí)
- 孔雀石 (kǒngquèshí)
- 安石榴 (ānshíliú)
- 寶石/宝石 (bǎoshí)
- 寶石婚/宝石婚
- 尖石 (Jiānshí)
- 岩石 (yánshí)
- 岩石圈 (yánshíquān)
- 岩石學/岩石学 (yánshíxué)
- 嵌石
- 巖石/岩石 (yánshí)
- 巨石
- 忍石
- 怪石
- 慈石
- 戒石
- 打火石 (dǎhuǒshí)
- 採石場/采石场 (cǎishíchǎng)
- 撇火石
- 擲石子/掷石子
- 文石
- 斜長石/斜长石 (xiéchángshí)
- 方解石 (fāngjiěshí)
- 旋石
- 昌化石 (chānghuàshí)
- 明石 (míngshí)
- 月石
- 月長石/月长石 (yuèchángshí)
- 望夫石 (wàngfūshí)
- 木化石
- 木石 (mùshí)
- 木變石/木变石
- 東石/东石 (Dōngshí)
- 松脂石
- 柱石 (zhùshí)
- 氟石 (fúshí)
- 水刷石
- 水滴石穿 (shuǐdīshíchuān)
- 水磨石
- 河卵石
- 油石
- 泉石 (quánshí)
- 泥石流 (níshíliú)
- 活化石 (huóhuàshí)
- 洗石
- 海泡石
- 消石灰 (xiāoshíhuī)
- 海綠石/海绿石
- 海花石
- 湖山石
- 滑石 (huáshí)
- 滑石粉 (huáshífěn)
- 滴石
- 瀝青石/沥青石
- 火石 (huǒshí)
- 灰石
- 烏心石/乌心石
- 熟石灰 (shúshíhuī)
- 熟石膏
- 燒石膏/烧石膏
- 燧石 (suìshí)
- 爐甘石/炉甘石 (lúgānshí)
- 牙結石/牙结石
- 玄石
- 玉石 (yùshí)
- 璇石 (soān-chio̍h) (Min Nan)
- 瓦石峽/瓦石峡 (Wǎshíxiá)
- 生石灰 (shēngshíhuī)
- 生石膏
- 界石 (jièshí)
- 畫像石/画像石 (huàxiàngshí)
- 番石榴 (fānshíliú)
- 發石車/发石车
- 白信石
- 白石坳 (Báishí'ào)
- 白石神
- 白雲石/白云石 (báiyúnshí)
- 皂石 (zàoshí)
- 盤石/盘石 (pánshí)
- 盤陀石/盘陀石
- 矢石 (shǐshí)
- 石井 (Shíjǐng)
- 石交
- 石人
- 石像 (shíxiàng)
- 石刀
- 石刁柏 (shídiāobǎi)
- 石刻 (shíkè)
- 石包城 (Shíbāochéng)
- 石化 (shíhuà)
- 石匠
- 石南
- 石印
- 石印本
- 石卵 (shíluǎn)
- 石友
- 石器 (shíqì)
- 石器時代/石器时代 (Shíqì Shídài)
- 石坎
- 石埠 (Shíbù)
- 石塊/石块 (shíkuài)
- 石墩 (shídūn)
- 石壁 (shíbì)
- 石女 (shínǚ)
- 石女山 (Shínǚshān)
- 石婦/石妇
- 石子 (shízǐ)
- 石子兒/石子儿 (shízǐr)
- 石室 (shíshì)
- 石家莊/石家庄 (Shíjiāzhuāng)
- 石尤風/石尤风
- 石屋頭/石屋头 (Shíwūtóu)
- 石山 (Shíshān)
- 石岐 (Shíqí)
- 石工 (shígōng)
- 石幢
- 石床
- 石擔/石担 (shídàn)
- 石敢當/石敢当 (shígǎndāng)
- 石文
- 石斑魚/石斑鱼 (shíbānyú)
- 石料 (shíliào)
- 石斛 (shíhú)
- 石斛蘭/石斛兰
- 石斧
- 石方 (shífāng)
- 石晉/石晋 (Shíjìn)
- 石本 (shíběn)
- 石材 (shícái)
- 石林 (shílín)
- 石松
- 石板 (shíbǎn)
- 石板巷 (Shíbǎnxiàng)
- 石柱 (shízhù)
- 石梁河 (Shíliánghé)
- 石棺 (shíguān)
- 石棉 (shímián)
- 石棉瓦
- 石棉症
- 石榴 (shíliú)
- 石榴裙 (shíliúqún)
- 石橋/石桥 (shíqiáo)
- 石橋驛/石桥驿 (Shíqiáoyì)
- 石民
- 石沉大海 (shíchéndàhǎi)
- 石決明/石决明 (shíjuémíng)
- 石泉
- 石油 (shíyóu)
- 石油氣/石油气 (shíyóuqì)
- 石油腦/石油脑
- 石油蕉
- 石洞 (Shídòng)
- 石渠 (Shíqú)
- 石滬/石沪
- 石灘/石滩 (shítān)
- 石火 (shíhuǒ)
- 石灰 (shíhuī)
- 石灰乳
- 石灰岩 (shíhuīyán)
- 石灰水 (shíhuīshuǐ)
- 石灰石 (shíhuīshí)
- 石灰窯/石灰窑 (Shíhuīyáo)
- 石灰質/石灰质
- 石炭 (shítàn)
- 石炭紀/石炭纪 (Shítàn Jì)
- 石燕
- 石牆/石墙 (shíqiáng)
- 石版 (shíbǎn)
- 石版屋
- 石版畫/石版画
- 石版石
- 石版路
- 石牌 (shípái)
- 石牛道
- 石獅子/石狮子 (shíshīzi)
- 石田 (shítián)
- 石盤/石盘 (Shípán)
- 石破天驚/石破天惊 (shípòtiānjīng)
- 石硯/石砚
- 石碇 (shídìng)
- 石碑 (shíbēi)
- 石碣
- 石磧/石碛 (Shíqì)
- 石磨 (shímò)
- 石磴
- 石礫/石砾
- 石窟 (shíkū)
- 石竹 (shízhú)
- 石筍/石笋 (shísǔn)
- 石筆/石笔
- 石級/石级 (shíjí)
- 石絨/石绒
- 石經/石经 (shíjīng)
- 石綿/石绵 (shímián)
- 石綠/石绿
- 石羊
- 石耳 (shí'ěr)
- 石胡荽 (shíhúsuī)
- 石脂
- 石膏 (shígāo)
- 石膏像
- 石舫 (shífǎng)
- 石花 (shíhuā)
- 石花菜 (shíhuācài)
- 石英 (shíyīng)
- 石英岩
- 石英錶/石英表
- 石英鐘/石英钟 (shíyīngzhōng)
- 石菖蒲 (shíchāngpú)
- 石蒜
- 石蓮/石莲
- 石蕊 (shíruǐ)
- 石蘭/石兰
- 石蟥
- 石蠟/石蜡 (shílà)
- 石蠶/石蚕
- 石製/石制
- 石象 (shíxiàng)
- 石針/石针
- 石鐘乳/石钟乳
- 石門/石门 (shímén)
- 石階/石阶 (shíjiē)
- 石雕
- 石青
- 石韋/石韦 (shíwěi)
- 石頭/石头 (shítou)
- 石頭兒/石头儿
- 石頭城/石头城
- 石頭草/石头草
- 石頭記/石头记
- 石頭餅/石头饼
- 石首 (shíshǒu)
- 石首魚/石首鱼 (shíshǒuyú)
- 石鱉/石鳖
- 石鹼/石碱 (shíjiǎn)
- 石墨 (shímò)
- 石黛 (shídài)
- 石點頭/石点头
- 石鼓 (shígǔ)
- 石鼓文 (shígǔwén)
- 石龍/石龙 (Shílóng)
- 石龍子/石龙子 (shílóngzǐ)
- 石龍芻/石龙刍
- 矽線石/矽线石
- 砂石 (shāshí)
- 砂石場/砂石场
- 砂石車/砂石车
- 砭石 (biānshí)
- 硝石 (xiāoshí)
- 硬石膏 (yìngshígāo)
- 碇石
- 碑石 (bēishí)
- 碎石 (suìshí)
- 磁石 (císhí)
- 磐石 (pánshí)
- 磨刀石 (módāoshí)
- 磨石 (móshí)
- 磷灰石 (línhuīshí)
- 礁石 (jiāoshí)
- 礌石 (léishí)
- 礞石 (méngshí)
- 礫石/砾石 (lìshí)
- 礬石/矾石 (fánshí)
- 礦石/矿石 (kuàngshí)
- 秋石 (qiūshí)
- 秦刻石
- 穹石
- 端石
- 箴石
- 箭石
- 紅信石/红信石
- 紅寶石/红宝石 (hóngbǎoshí)
- 細石器/细石器 (xìshíqì)
- 紫石英 (zǐshíyīng)
- 絆腳石/绊脚石 (bànjiǎoshí)
- 結石/结石 (jiéshí)
- 經石峪/经石峪
- 綠寶石/绿宝石 (lǜbǎoshí)
- 綠松石/绿松石 (lǜsōngshí)
- 綠柱石/绿柱石 (lǜzhùshí)
- 綠泥石/绿泥石
- 羊背石
- 耳石 (ěrshí)
- 肺石
- 腎結石/肾结石 (shènjiéshí)
- 膽石/胆石 (dǎnshí)
- 膽結石/胆结石 (dǎnjiéshí)
- 花崗石/花岗石 (huāgāngshí)
- 花石綱/花石纲
- 英石
- 草石蠶/草石蚕
- 菊石
- 落石 (luòshí)
- 葉蠟石/叶蜡石
- 藍寶石/蓝宝石 (lánbǎoshí)
- 藍晶石/蓝晶石
- 藥石/药石 (yàoshí)
- 蘭石/兰石
- 虎眼石 (hǔyǎnshí)
- 蛇紋石/蛇纹石 (shéwénshí)
- 蛭石 (zhìshí)
- 螢石/萤石 (yíngshí)
- 衡石
- 補腎石/补肾石
- 試金石/试金石 (shìjīnshí)
- 貓眼石/猫眼石
- 貞女石/贞女石
- 貞石/贞石
- 賁石/贲石
- 赤石
- 赤石脂 (chìshízhī)
- 赭石 (zhěshí)
- 踐石/践石
- 踏腳石/踏脚石
- 輝石/辉石 (huīshí)
- 逃石
- 酒石酸 (jiǔshísuān)
- 醒酒石
- 采石磯
- 重晶石 (zhòngjīngshí)
- 金剛石/金刚石 (jīngāngshí)
- 金瓜石
- 金石 (jīnshí)
- 金石交
- 金石例
- 金石奏
- 金石學/金石学 (jīnshíxué)
- 金石文
- 金石索
- 金石聲/金石声
- 金石語/金石语
- 金石錄/金石录
- 金紅石/金红石 (jīnhóngshí)
- 釷石/钍石
- 鋪路石/铺路石
- 鋰輝石/锂辉石 (lǐhuīshí)
- 錫石/锡石 (xīshí)
- 鍮石/𨱎石
- 鐘乳石/钟乳石 (zhōngrǔshí)
- 鐵石人/铁石人
- 鐵石心腸/铁石心肠 (tiěshíxīncháng)
- 鑽石/钻石 (zuànshí)
- 鑽石婚/钻石婚
- 長石/长石 (chángshí)
- 陶石
- 陽起石/阳起石 (yángqǐshí)
- 隕石/陨石 (yǔnshí)
- 雞冠石/鸡冠石
- 雙石頭/双石头
- 雞血石/鸡血石
- 離石/离石 (Líshí)
- 雨花石
- 雲石/云石 (yúnshí)
- 電石/电石 (diànshí)
- 電石燈/电石灯
- 霞石 (xiáshí)
- 青田石
- 頑石/顽石 (wánshí)
- 頭頂石/头顶石 (Tóudǐngshí)
- 飛石/飞石 (fēishí)
- 魔法石
- 魚石脂/鱼石脂
- 鵝卵石/鹅卵石 (éluǎnshí)
- 黃石/黄石 (Huángshí)
- 黃石公/黄石公 (Huángshígōng)
- 黃石港/黄石港 (Huángshígǎng)
- 點石成金/点石成金 (diǎnshíchéngjīn)
- 黳石
- 齒石/齿石
Descendants
[edit](Others)
- → Tocharian B: cāk
Etymology 2
[edit]Contains pronunciations from 擔/担 (dàn) (Qiu, 1988, p. 220).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): daam3 / sek6
- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): dan3
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5te
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
- Wade–Giles: tan4
- Yale: dàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
- Palladius: дань (danʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
- Wade–Giles: shih2
- Yale: shŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: daam3 / sek6
- Yale: daam / sehk
- Cantonese Pinyin: daam3 / sek9
- Guangdong Romanization: dam3 / ség6
- Sinological IPA (key): /taːm³³/, /sɛːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dan3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tàⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tã²¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
Definitions
[edit]石
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “石”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じゃく (jaku)←じやく (zyaku, historical)
- Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: しく (shiku)
- Kan’yō-on: こく (koku, Jōyō †); しゃく (shaku, Jōyō †)←しやく (syaku, historical)
- Kun: いし (ishi, 石, Jōyō); いわ (iwa)←いは (ifa, historical)
- Nanori: あつ (atsu); いさ (isa); いす (isu); いそ (iso); かた (kata); し (shi); せっく (sekku); と (to)
Compounds
[edit]- 標石 (hyōseki, “markstone”)
- 石南花 (shakunage), 石楠花 (shakunage)
- 石英 (sekiei, “quartz; crystal”)
- 石菖 (sekishō, “Japanese sweet flag”)
- 石製 (sekisei, “stonen”)
- 石炭 (sekitan, “coal”)
- 石板 (sekiban, “slate”)
- 石版 (sekiban, “lithograph”)
- 石盤 (sekiban, “slate”)
- 石油 (sekiyu, “oil, petroleum”)
- 石灰 (sekkai, “lime (mineral), quicklime, caustic lime”)
- 石棺 (sekkan, “sarcophagus; stone coffin”)
- 懐石 (kaiseki, “simple meal eaten before tea is served”)
- 化石 (kaseki, “fossil, fossil remains; petrifaction, fossilisation”)
- 岩石 (ganseki, “rock”)
- 奇石 (kiseki, “rare stone; precious gem”)
- 輝石 (kiseki, “pyroxene, augite”)
- 金剛石 (kongōseki, “diamond”)
- 歯石 (shiseki, “dental calculus, tartar”)
- 硝石 (shōseki, “saltpetre”)
- 聖石 (seiseki, “holy stone, rock or mineral”)
- 胆石 (tanseki, “gallstones”)
- 宝石 (hōseki, “gemstone”)
- 木石 (bokuseki, “trees and stones”)
- 石蓴 (aosa, “sea lettuce”)
- 石見 (Iwami)
- 流石 (sasuga)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
石 |
いし Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
⟨isi⟩ → /iɕi/
From Old Japanese.[1] First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, the Old Japanese is reconstructed as from Proto-Japonic *esoy.
Likely cognate with 磯 (iso, “pebble; gravel; rocky beach”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a stone
- 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2, Konami:
- 体が石のように堅い毛で覆われており、守りがかたい。
- Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.
- With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defence is solid.
- 体が石のように堅い毛で覆われており、守りがかたい。
- (slang, electronics) a transistor
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
石 |
こく Grade: 1 |
kan'yōon |
From Middle Chinese 斛 (MC huwk).
The 石 spelling came about through customary use in Japan of this character for the unit of measure.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a traditional Japanese unit of volume:
- a unit of quantity for 鮭 (sake, “salmon”) and 鱒 (masu, “trout”); one koku is equal to 40 salmon or 60 trout
Derived terms
[edit]- 石高 (kokudaka)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
石 |
せき Grade: 1 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 石 (MC dzyek).
Pronunciation
[edit]Counter
[edit]- counter for gemstones used as bearings in watches and other devices
- (slang, electronics) counter for transistors, especially discrete ones
- 六石ラジオ
- rokuseki rajio
- six-transistor radio
- 六石ラジオ
Noun
[edit]- Same as こく (koku) above
Affix
[edit]- stone
- needle made of stone
- go stone
- something solid but worthless
- Short for 石見国 (Iwami-no-kuni): Iwami Province
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 石 (MC dzyek).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 쎡〮 (Yale: ssyék) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 돌〯 (Yale: twǒl) | 셕〮 (Yale: syék) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [석]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 석유 (石油, seogyu)
- 석탄 (石炭, seoktan)
- 석류 (石榴, seongnyu)
- 운석 (隕石, unseok)
- 암석 (巖石, amseok)
- 옥석 (玉石, okseok)
- 석회 (石灰, seokhoe)
- 반석 (盤石, banseok)
- 광석 (鑛石, gwangseok)
- 비석 (碑石, biseok)
- 초석 (礎石, choseok)
- 화석 (化石, hwaseok)
- 석탑 (石塔, seoktap)
- 자석 (磁石, jaseok)
- 휘석 (輝石, hwiseok)
- 석불 (石佛, seokbul)
- 투석 (投石, tuseok)
- 석재 (石材, seokjae)
- 보석 (寶石, boseok)
- 석굴 (石窟, seokgul)
- 금석 (金石, geumseok)
- 정석 (定石, jeongseok)
- 청금석 (靑金石, cheonggeumseok)
- 석기 (石器, seokgi)
- 석면 (石綿, seongmyeon)
- 석공 (石工, seokgong)
- 석각 (石刻, seokgak)
- 석조 (石造, seokjo)
Kunigami
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]石 (shī)
Miyako
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]石 (isu)
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]石 (ishi)
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with 磯 (iso1, “pebble; gravel; rocky beach”).
Noun
[edit]石 (isi) (kana いし)
- a stone
- , text here
- 多良志比賣可��能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯伊志遠多礼美吉
- tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi1ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare miki1
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- [Note: Another version replaces na turasu to2 with 阿由都流等 (ayu turu to2, “catching sweetfishes”)
- , text here
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 石 (ishi)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]石: Hán Việt readings: thạch[1][2][3], đán[3]
石: Nôm readings: thạch[1][2], sạch[1]
Compounds
[edit]- 化石 (hóa thạch/hoá thạch, “fossil”)
- 天石 (thiên thạch, “meteorite”)
- 岩石 (nham thạch, “rock”)
- 石圈 (thạch quyển, “lithosphere”)
- 石崇 (thạch sùng, “common house gecko”)
- 石膏 (thạch cao, “gypsum”)
- 石英 (thạch anh, “quartz”)
- 磐石 (bàn thạch, “boulder”)
- 錦石 (cẩm thạch, “marble”)
References
[edit]Yaeyama
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]石 (isï)
Yonaguni
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese 石 (ishi).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]石 (ichi)
References
[edit]- “いち【石】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
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