劫
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See also: 刦
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]劫 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土戈大尸 (GIKS) or 難土戈大尸 (XGIKS), four-corner 47720, composition ⿰去力)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2316
- Dae Jaweon: page 331, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 367, character 12
- Unihan data for U+52AB
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
劫 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 劫 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kab, *kab) : phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas) + semantic 力 (“power, force”)
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jié
- Wade–Giles: chieh2
- Yale: jyé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
- Palladius: цзе (cze)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gip3
- Yale: gip
- Cantonese Pinyin: gip8
- Guangdong Romanization: gib3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiːp̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiap
- Hakka Romanization System: giabˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: giab5
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯ap̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 劫 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕiɛ³⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕiə⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕiə⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕi²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕie¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕiə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiɤ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕie²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰie³¹/ /t͡ɕie³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰie²¹/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕiɛ³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕieʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕi²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕieʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕia⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕie²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕie²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕiɛʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kiap̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /kiɑp̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kip̚³/ |
Nanning | /kip̚³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /kip̚³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiap̚³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kiɛʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kiɛ²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kiap̚²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /kiap̚⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: kjaep
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)ap/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kab/
Definitions
[edit]劫
- to coerce; to compel; to threaten
- to rob; to plunder; to take by force
- (Buddhism) Short for 劫波 (jiébō, “kalpa”).
- (hyperbolic) extremely long time
- (figurative, by extension) disaster; calamity; catastrophe
Synonyms
[edit]- (to coerce):
- (disaster):
- 亂兒/乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
- 人禍/人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
- 劫煞 (Hokkien)
- 劫難/劫难 (jiénàn)
- 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
- 大禍/大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
- 大難/大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
- 天災/天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
- 央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
- 奇禍/奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
- 巨禍/巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
- 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 慘事/惨事 (cǎnshì)
- 慘劇/惨剧 (cǎnjù)
- 慘禍/惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
- 沙𧐔 (sua1 sab4) (Teochew)
- 浩劫 (hàojié)
- 災/灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
- 災劫/灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
- 災厄/灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
- 災害/灾害 (zāihài)
- 災殃/灾殃 (zāiyāng)
- 災禍/灾祸 (zāihuò)
- 災變/灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
- 災難/灾难 (zāinàn)
- 癰疽/痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
- 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
- 禍/祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
- 禍事/祸事 (huòshì)
- 禍害/祸害 (huòhài)
- 禍息/祸息 (ho5 si6) (Xiang)
- 禍患/祸患 (huòhuàn)
- 禍殃/祸殃 (huòyāng)
Compounds
[edit]- 一劫
- 中劫
- 乘火打劫 (chénghuǒdǎjié)
- 偷營劫寨/偷营劫寨
- 剽劫
- 劫制
- 劫劫
- 劫匪 (jiéfěi)
- 劫囚 (jiéqiú)
- 劫奪/劫夺 (jiéduó)
- 劫婚
- 劫富濟貧/劫富济贫 (jiéfùjìpín)
- 劫寨 (jiézhài)
- 劫後餘燼/劫后余烬
- 劫後餘生/劫后余生 (jiéhòuyúshēng)
- 劫持 (jiéchí)
- 劫掠 (jiélüè)
- 劫數/劫数 (jiéshù)
- 劫機/劫机 (jiéjī)
- 劫殺/劫杀
- 劫波 (jiébō)
- 劫法場/劫法场
- 劫灰
- 劫營/劫营 (jiéyíng)
- 劫牢
- 劫獄/劫狱 (jiéyù)
- 劫略
- 劫盜/劫盗 (jiédào)
- 劫盟
- 劫簸
- 劫財/劫财
- 劫運/劫运
- 劫難/劫难 (jiénàn)
- 劫餘/劫余
- 在劫難逃/在劫难逃 (zàijiénántáo)
- 塵劫/尘劫
- 大劫
- 小劫
- 巴劫 (bājié)
- 巴巴劫劫
- 忙劫
- 忙劫劫
- 忙忙劫劫
- 打劫 (dǎjié)
- 打家劫盜/打家劫盗
- 打家劫舍 (dǎjiājiéshè)
- 搜劫
- 換劫/换劫
- 搶劫/抢劫 (qiǎngjié)
- 攔劫/拦劫 (lánjié)
- 昆池劫灰
- 桃花劫 (táohuājié)
- 歷劫/历劫
- 歷劫歸來/历劫归来
- 永劫 (yǒngjié)
- 波波劫劫
- 洗劫 (xǐjié)
- 浩劫 (hàojié)
- 火劫
- 焚劫
- 生關死劫/生关死劫
- 盜劫/盗劫
- 萬劫/万劫 (wànjié)
- 萬劫不復/万劫不复 (wànjiébùfù)
- 空劫
- 行劫 (xíngjié)
- 要劫
- 賢劫/贤劫
- 趁哄打劫
- 趁火打劫 (chènhuǒdǎjié)
- 趁火搶劫/趁火抢劫
- 路劫
- 遭劫
- 邀劫
Descendants
[edit]Others:
- → Vietnamese: cướp
References
[edit]- “劫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]劫
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こう (kō)←こふ (kofu, historical)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō)←けふ (kefu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ごう (gō)←ごふ (gofu, historical)
- Kun: おびやかす (obiyakasu, 劫かす)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 劫火 (kōka)
- 曠劫 (kōgō)
- 劫濁 (kōjoku)
- 劫奪 (kōdatsu)
- 劫初 (gōsho)
- 劫盗 (gōtō)
- 劫末 (gōmatsu)
- 劫掠, 劫略 (gōryaku)
- 永劫 (eigō)
- 壊劫 (ekō)
- 億劫 (okkō), 億劫 (okkū)
- 空劫 (kūkō)
- 久遠劫 (kuongō)
- 倶胝劫 (kuteikō)
- 減劫 (genkō)
- 賢劫 (kengō), 賢劫 (gengō)
- 五劫思惟 (gokō shiyui)
- 三阿僧祇劫 (san a sōgi kō)
- 四劫 (shikō)
- 住劫 (jūkō)
- 小劫 (shōkō)
- 成劫 (jōkō), 成劫 (jōgō)
- 塵劫 (jinkō), 塵劫 (jingō), 塵点劫 (jindengō)
- 増劫 (zōkō)
- 多生劫 (tashōgō)
- 万劫 (mangō), 万劫 (bangō)
- 無量劫 (muryōgō)
- 歴劫 (ryakkō)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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劫 |
こう Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
/kopu/ → /kofu/ → */kowu/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 劫 (MC kjaep), short form of 劫波 (MC kjaep pa), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “aeon”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Proverbs
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (go) a position in which two alternating stones can be captured and recaptured indefinitely
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
劫 |
ごう Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
/ɡopu/ → /ɡofu/ → */ɡowu/ → /ɡoː/
Possibly a shift from kō above. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 劫 (MC kjaep). Recorded as Middle Korean 刼/겁〮 (kép) (Yale: kep) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]劫 (eumhun 위협할 겁 (wihyeophal geop))
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- zh:Buddhism
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading こふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading けふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ごう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'yōon reading ごふ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おびや・かす
- Japanese terms spelled with 劫 read as こう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
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- Japanese single-kanji terms
- ja:Buddhism
- ja:Go
- Japanese terms spelled with 劫 read as ごう
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
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