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See also:
U+5879, 塹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5879

[U+5878]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+587A]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 32, +11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十中土 (JLG), four-corner 52104, composition )

  1. moat, trench, pit, cavity

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 237, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5394
  • Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 478, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5879

Chinese

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trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sʰams) : phonetic (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic (earth).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (14)
Final () (153)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tshjemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰiamH/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰiɛmH/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
cim3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshjemH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[tsʰ]am-s/
English moat; dig out

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16806
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sʰams/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat
  2. A natural barrier
  3. A rift valley

Compounds

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References

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  • "塹" at 《教育百科》, ROC Ministry of Education

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

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  • Go-on: せん (sen)
  • Kan-on: せん (sen)
  • Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)
  • Kun: ほり (hori)

Korean

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Hanja

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(cham) (hangeul , revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: khiếm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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