密
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See also: 宻
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]密 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十心竹山 (JPHU), four-corner 30773, composition ⿱宓山)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7205
- Dae Jaweon: page 570, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 940, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5BC6
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
密 | |
---|---|---|
2nd round simp. | 宓 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
泌 | *mpriɡs, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
秘 | *mpriɡs |
毖 | *priɡs |
閟 | *priɡs |
柲 | *priɡs, *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
鉍 | *priɡs, *priɡ |
邲 | *priɡs, *bliɡ, *briɡ |
覕 | *pliŋs, *mbliːɡ |
咇 | *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
苾 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
馝 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
飶 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
鴓 | *mbliːɡ |
鮅 | *pliɡ, *bliɡ |
必 | *pliɡ |
珌 | *pliɡ |
佖 | *bliɡ, *briɡ |
駜 | *bliɡ, *briɡ |
怭 | *bliɡ |
妼 | *bliɡ |
宓 | *mriɡ, *mliɡ |
樒 | *mriɡ |
密 | *mriɡ |
蔤 | *mriɡ |
滵 | *mriɡ |
蜜 | *mliɡ |
謐 | *mliɡ |
榓 | *mliɡ |
淧 | *mliɡ |
瑟 | *smriɡ, *smriɡ |
璱 | *sriɡ |
飋 | *sriɡ |
虙 | *blɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *mriɡ) : phonetic 宓 (OC *mriɡ, *mliɡ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”) – hidden in the mountains, secret, intimate. Note that 宓 means “secret”, which reinforces this.
Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “←→秘?”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): mĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): mĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8miq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mì
- Wade–Giles: mi4
- Yale: mì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih
- Palladius: ми (mi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ми (mi, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mat6
- Yale: maht
- Cantonese Pinyin: mat9
- Guangdong Romanization: med6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐt̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mit5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbit̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: med
- Hagfa Pinyim: med6
- Sinological IPA: /met̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /miʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍t
- Tâi-lô: ba̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: bat
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bat̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bat̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /bat̚²⁴/
Note:
- bi̍t - literary (“dense; secret; fine”);
- ba̍t - vernacular (“dense”).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: mig8 / bhag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mi̍k / ba̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /mik̚⁴/, /bak̚⁴/
Note:
- mig8 - literary;
- bhag8 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: mit
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mri[t]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mriɡ/
Definitions
[edit]密
- dense; thick; close; tight
- intimate; close
- secret; confidential; concealed
- fine; meticulous; careful
- † calm; quiet; tranquil
- (Internet slang) to DM; to send a direct message
- 33rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "closeness" (𝌦)
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 三密
- 不密 (bùmì)
- 事以密成
- 交通密度
- 人口密度 (rénkǒu mìdù)
- 人煙稠密/人烟稠密 (rényānchóumì)
- 仔密
- 低聲密語/低声密语
- 保密 (bǎomì)
- 保密軍官/保密军官
- 保密防諜/保密防谍
- 勞力密集/劳力密集
- 叢密/丛密
- 告密 (gàomì)
- 告密人
- 周密 (zhōumì)
- 哈密 (Hāmì)
- 哈密瓜 (hāmìguā)
- 嚴密/严密 (yánmì)
- 城府深密
- 失密
- 守密
- 宥密
- 密不可分 (mìbùkěfēn)
- 密不透風/密不透风
- 密不通風/密不通风
- 密令 (mìlìng)
- 密件 (mìjiàn)
- 密侖/密仑
- 密使 (mìshǐ)
- 密保
- 密信 (mìxìn)
- 密克羅尼西亞/密克罗尼西亚 (Mìkèluóníxīyà)
- 密函
- 密切 (mìqiè)
- 密切追隨/密切追随
- 密勿
- 密勿從事/密勿从事
- 密匝匝 (mìzāzā)
- 密友 (mìyǒu)
- 密召
- 密司脫/密司脱
- 密合 (mìhé)
- 密告 (mìgào)
- 密咒
- 密商 (mìshāng)
- 密地
- 密報/密报 (mìbào)
- 密奏 (mìzòu)
- 密宗 (mìzōng)
- 密室 (mìshì)
- 密密 (mìmì)
- 密密切切
- 密密匝匝 (mìmìzāzā)
- 密密叢叢/密密丛丛
- 密密層層/密密层层
- 密密麻麻
- 密實/密实 (mìshí)
- 密寫/密写
- 密封 (mìfēng)
- 密封遺囑/密封遗嘱
- 密屋
- 密布 (mìbù)
- 密幄
- 密度 (mìdù)
- 密度指數/密度指数
- 密意
- 密捉
- 密探 (mìtàn)
- 密接 (mìjiē)
- 密支那 (Mìzhīnà)
- 密斯
- 密斯得
- 密斯忒
- 密斯特
- 密旨
- 密昔司
- 密昔斯
- 密昵
- 密書/密书 (mìshū)
- 密會/密会 (mìhuì)
- 密林 (mìlín)
- 密查
- 密植 (mìzhí)
- 密歇斯
- 密涅瓦 (Mìnièwǎ)
- 密爾/密尔 (mì'ěr)
- 密看
- 密碼/密码 (mìmǎ)
- 密約/密约 (mìyuē)
- 密網/密网
- 密緻/密致
- 密續/密续
- 密航
- 密蘇里州
- 密蘇里河
- 密西根州
- 密西根湖
- 密親/密亲
- 密訊/密讯
- 密訪/密访 (mìfǎng)
- 密詔/密诏 (mìzhào)
- 密語/密语 (mìyǔ)
- 密談/密谈 (mìtán)
- 密諭/密谕 (mìyù)
- 密謀/密谋 (mìmóu)
- 密議/密议 (mìyì)
- 密跡金剛/密迹金刚
- 密軌/密轨
- 密送 (mìsòng)
- 密邇/密迩
- 密醫/密医
- 密鑼緊鼓/密锣紧鼓 (mìluójǐngǔ)
- 密閉/密闭 (mìbì)
- 密集 (mìjí)
- 密集部署
- 密雨
- 密雲/密云 (mìyún)
- 密雲不雨/密云不雨
- 密電/密电 (mìdiàn)
- 密章
- 密點地圖/密点地图
- 居住密度
- 峻密
- 幽期密約/幽期密约
- 慎密 (shènmì)
- 戰雲密布/战云密布
- 戰雲濃密/战云浓密
- 文深網密/文深网密
- 明密
- 柔情密意
- 樞密/枢密 (shūmì)
- 樞密使/枢密使 (shūmìshǐ)
- 樞密院/枢密院 (shūmìyuàn)
- 機事不密/机事不密
- 機密/机密 (jīmì)
- 機密大事/机密大事
- 機密文件/机密文件
- 機謀不密/机谋不密 (jīmóu bùmì)
- 款密
- 洩密/泄密 (xièmì)
- 濃密/浓密 (nóngmì)
- 濃雲密布/浓云密布
- 烏雲密布/乌云密布 (wūyúnmìbù)
- 珍藏密斂/珍藏密敛
- 百密一疏 (bǎimìyīshū)
- 碎密
- 祕密/秘密 (mìmì)
- 祕密交易/秘密交易
- 祕密外交/秘密外交
- 祕密社會/秘密社会
- 祕密結社/秘密结社 (mìmì jiéshè)
- 祕密證人/秘密证人
- 祕密警察/秘密警察 (mìmì jǐngchá)
- 祕密選舉/秘密选举
- 稠密 (chóumì)
- 精密 (jīngmì)
- 精密度 (jīngmìdù)
- 精密陶瓷
- 細密/细密 (xìmì)
- 細密畫/细密画
- 細針密縷/细针密缕
- 絕密/绝密 (juémì)
- 綿密/绵密 (miánmì)
- 緊密/紧密 (jǐnmì)
- 綿密小巧/绵密小巧
- 緊鑼密鼓/紧锣密鼓 (jǐnluómìgǔ)
- 緻密/致密 (zhìmì)
- 縝密/缜密 (zhěnmì)
- 繁密 (fánmì)
- 纖密/纤密
- 背密
- 致密 (zhìmì)
- 茂密 (màomì)
- 藏密 (Zàngmì)
- 衷腸密語/衷肠密语
- 親密/亲密 (qīnmì)
- 親密無間/亲密无间
- 詞嚴義密/词严义密
- 詳密/详密 (xiángmì)
- 謹密/谨密
- 軍事機密/军事机密
- 迷密
- 退藏於密/退藏于密
- 遏密
- 過從甚密/过从甚密
- 達拉密/达拉密
- 邃密
- 邁阿密/迈阿密 (Mài'āmì)
- 那密比亞/那密比亚
- 閨中密友/闺中密友 (guīzhōng mìyǒu)
- 阿提密斯
- 阿薩密省/阿萨密省
- 隱密/隐密 (yǐnmì)
- 靡密
Descendants
[edit]- → Thai: มิด (mít)
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]密
- (Zhangzhou Hokkien) densely packed; dense and numerous
Etymology 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 密 – see 峇 (“(Hokkien) closed tightly”). (This character is a variant form of 峇). |
Etymology 4
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 密 – see 沕 (“(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to submerge; to inundate; to drown”). (This character is a variant form of 沕). |
References
[edit]- “密”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]密
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: みつ (mitsu, Jōyō)←みつ (mitu, historical); みち (michi)←みち (miti, historical)
- Kan-on: びつ (bitsu)←びつ (bitu, historical)
- Kun: ひそか (hisoka, 密か); ひそやか (hisoyaka, 密やか); みそか (misoka, 密か)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 密教 (mikkyō, “esoteric Buddhism”)
- 密航 (mikkō, “smuggling”)
- 密告 (mikkoku, “tipoff”)
- 密室 (misshitsu, “hidden room”)
- 密接 (missetsu, “close relationship”)
- 密談 (mitsudan, “secret conversation”)
- 密着 (mitchaku, “being adhered to”)
- 密入国 (mitsunyūkoku, “illegal immigration”)
- 密封 (mippū, “sealing”)
- 密輸 (mitsuyu, “smuggling”)
- 密猟 (mitsuryō, “poaching”)
- 秘密 (himitsu, “secret”)
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
密 |
みつ Grade: 6 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 密 (MC mit).
First cited to a text from 1092.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- something without breaks or openings, something dense
- a secret, (especially) something done secretly
- Synonym: 秘密 (himitsu)
- (Buddhism) the teachings of esoteric Buddhism
- Synonym: 密教 (mikkyō)
Adjective
[edit]密 • (mitsu) -na (adnominal 密な (mitsu na), adverbial 密に (mitsu ni))
- dense, without breaks or openings
- meticulous, carefully done, scrupulous
- 密な計画
- mitsu na keikaku
- a meticulous schedule
- 密な計画
- (of relations among people) close, familiar, intimate
- Synonym: 深い (fukai)
- 密な間柄
- mitsu na aidagara
- familiar terms, intimate relations
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 密
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 密だろ | みつだろ | mitsu daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 密で | みつで | mitsu de |
Terminal (終止形) | 密だ | みつだ | mitsu da |
Attributive (連体形) | 密な | みつな | mitsu na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 密なら | みつなら | mitsu nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 密であれ | みつであれ | mitsu de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 密ではない 密じゃない |
みつではない みつじゃない |
mitsu de wa nai mitsu ja nai |
Informal past | 密だった | みつだった | mitsu datta |
Informal negative past | 密ではなかった 密じゃなかった |
みつではなかった みつじゃなかった |
mitsu de wa nakatta mitsu ja nakatta |
Formal | 密です | みつです | mitsu desu |
Formal negative | 密ではありません 密じゃありません |
みつではありません みつじゃありません |
mitsu de wa arimasen mitsu ja arimasen |
Formal past | 密でした | みつでした | mitsu deshita |
Formal negative past | 密ではありませんでした 密じゃありませんでした |
みつではありませんでした みつじゃありませんでした |
mitsu de wa arimasen deshita mitsu ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 密で | みつで | mitsu de |
Conditional | 密なら(ば) | みつなら(ば) | mitsu nara (ba) |
Provisional | 密だったら | みつだったら | mitsu dattara |
Volitional | 密だろう | みつだろう | mitsu darō |
Adverbial | 密に | みつに | mitsu ni |
Degree | 密さ | みつさ | mitsusa |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]密 (eumhun 빽빽할 밀 (ppaekppaekhal mil))
Compounds
[edit]- 밀수 (密輸, milsu, “smuggling”)
- 밀도 (密度, mildo, “density”)
- 밀봉 (密封, milbong, “sealing”)
- 밀접 (密接, miljeop, “being closely connected; being related”)
- 과밀 (過密, gwamil, “(demography) overcrowding, crowded ”)
- 비밀 (秘密, bimil, “secret”)
- 긴밀 (緊密, ginmil, “closeness, tightness”)
- 치밀 (緻密, chimil, “precision, minuteness, accuracy”)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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