憂
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See also: 忧
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]憂 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一月心竹水 (MBPHE), four-corner 10247, composition ⿱㥑夂(GJKV) or ⿱㥑夊(HT))
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]- 忧 (Simplified form of 憂)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 401, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11170
- Dae Jaweon: page 741, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2341, character 14
- Unihan data for U+6182
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 憂/懮 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 忧* | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 憂 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *qu) : phonetic 㥑 () + semantic 夊.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jau1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yû
- Northern Min (KCR): iú
- Eastern Min (BUC): iŭ
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: you
- Wade–Giles: yu1
- Yale: yōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iou
- Palladius: ю (ju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jau1
- Yale: yāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau1
- Guangdong Romanization: yeo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
- Hakka Romanization System: iuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu1
- Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu1
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iú
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 憂 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /iou⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /iou⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /iou²¹/ | |
Jinan | /iou²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /iou²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /iou²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /iou²¹/ | |
Xining | /iɯ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /iəu⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /iou³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /iɤu⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /iəu⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /iəu⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /iəu⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /iəu⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /iəɯ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /iɯ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /iəu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /iəu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /iəu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /iɤ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /iɤ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔiø³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /j̠au³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /iu³¹/ |
Tunxi | /iu¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /iəu³³/ |
Xiangtan | /iəɯ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /iu⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /iu¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒiu¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐu⁵³/ |
Nanning | /jɐu⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /jɐu⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iu⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ieu⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iu⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /iu³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /iu²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: 'juw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)u/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qu/
Definitions
[edit]憂
Compounds
[edit]- 丁憂/丁忧 (dīngyōu)
- 丁母憂/丁母忧 (dīngmǔyōu)
- 丁父憂/丁父忧 (dīngfùyōu)
- 不憂/不忧
- 主憂臣辱/主忧臣辱
- 伯道之憂/伯道之忧
- 備嘗憂患/备尝忧患
- 先憂後樂/先忧后乐
- 內憂/内忧
- 內憂外患/内忧外患 (nèiyōuwàihuàn)
- 內顧之憂/内顾之忧
- 分憂/分忧 (fēnyōu)
- 分憂共患/分忧共患 (fēnyōu gòng huàn)
- 分憂解勞/分忧解劳
- 受怕擔憂/受怕担忧
- 同憂相救/同忧相救
- 國憂/国忧
- 埋憂/埋忧
- 報憂/报忧 (bàoyōu)
- 堪憂/堪忧 (kānyōu)
- 嫠憂宗周/嫠忧宗周
- 嫠緯之憂/嫠纬之忧
- 宅憂/宅忧
- 安枕無憂/安枕无忧
- 宵旰憂勞/宵旰忧劳 (xiāo gàn yōu láo)
- 寅憂夕惕/寅忧夕惕
- 寫憂/写忧
- 居憂/居忧
- 帶憂/带忧
- 幽憂/幽忧
- 後顧之憂/后顾之忧 (hòugùzhīyōu)
- 心腹之憂/心腹之忧
- 忘憂/忘忧 (wàngyōu)
- 忘憂物/忘忧物
- 忘憂草/忘忧草 (wàngyōucǎo)
- 忽喜忽憂/忽喜忽忧
- 性命之憂/性命之忧
- 思深憂遠/思深忧远
- 恐憂/恐忧 (kǒngyōu)
- 悲憂/悲忧
- 憂傷/忧伤 (yōushāng)
- 憂公如家/忧公如家
- 憂公忘私/忧公忘私
- 憂公無私/忧公无私
- 憂勞/忧劳
- 憂喜交集/忧喜交集 (yōuxǐ jiāojí)
- 憂喜參半/忧喜参半
- 憂國/忧国 (yōuguó)
- 憂國哀民/忧国哀民
- 憂國如家/忧国如家
- 憂國忘家/忧国忘家
- 憂國忘私/忧国忘私
- 憂國忘身/忧国忘身
- 憂國恤民/忧国恤民
- 憂國愛民/忧国爱民
- 憂國憂時/忧国忧时
- 憂國憂民/忧国忧民 (yōuguóyōumín)
- 憂尋/忧寻
- 憂形於色/忧形于色
- 憂心/忧心 (yōuxīn)
- 憂心如惔/忧心如惔
- 憂心如擣/忧心如捣
- 憂心如焚/忧心如焚 (yōuxīnrúfén)
- 憂心如薰/忧心如薰
- 憂心如酲/忧心如酲
- 憂心如醉/忧心如醉
- 憂心忡忡/忧心忡忡 (yōuxīnchōngchōng)
- 憂心悄悄/忧心悄悄
- 憂心若醉/忧心若醉
- 憂思/忧思 (yōusī)
- 憂患/忧患 (yōuhuàn)
- 憂悒/忧悒
- 憂患意識/忧患意识
- 憂惙/忧惙
- 憂悶/忧闷 (yōumèn)
- 憂惱/忧恼 (yōunǎo)
- 憂愁/忧愁 (yōuchóu)
- 憂愁夫人/忧愁夫人
- 憂慮/忧虑 (yōulǜ)
- 憂憤/忧愤
- 憂憶/忧忆
- 憂懼/忧惧 (yōujù)
- 憂戚/忧戚 (yōuqī)
- 憂民/忧民 (yōumín)
- 憂民憂國/忧民忧国 (yōumínyōuguó)
- 憂深思遠/忧深思远
- 憂煩/忧烦 (yōufán)
- 憂煎/忧煎
- 憂疑/忧疑 (yōuyí)
- 憂能傷人/忧能伤人
- 憂色/忧色 (yōusè)
- 憂葵/忧葵
- 憂虞/忧虞
- 憂闕/忧阙
- 憂鬱/忧郁 (yōuyù)
- 憂鬱症/忧郁症 (yōuyùzhèng)
- 懷憂/怀忧
- 懷憂喪志/怀忧丧志
- 抗憂鬱藥/抗忧郁药
- 排難解憂/排难解忧
- 擔憂/担忧 (dānyōu)
- 擔隔夜憂/担隔夜忧
- 杞人之憂/杞人之忧
- 杞人憂天/杞人忧天 (qǐrényōutiān)
- 杞國憂天/杞国忧天
- 杞憂/杞忧 (qǐyōu)
- 樂以忘憂/乐以忘忧
- 樂而忘憂/乐而忘忧
- 死無遺憂/死无遗忧
- 殷憂 (yīnyōu)
- 殷憂啟聖/殷忧启圣
- 沉憂/沉忧
- 消憂/消忧
- 湛憂/湛忧
- 滿腹憂愁/满腹忧愁
- 無憂無慮/无忧无虑 (wúyōuwúlǜ)
- 無慮無憂/无虑无忧 (wúlǜwúyōu)
- 疇咨之憂/畴咨之忧
- 癙憂/癙忧
- 百憂/百忧
- 破鏡之憂/破镜之忧
- 積憂成疾/积忧成疾
- 耽憂/耽忧 (dānyōu)
- 肘腋之憂/肘腋之忧
- 與民同憂/与民同忧
- 覆餗之憂/覆𫗧之忧
- 解憂/解忧 (jiěyōu)
- 解難排憂/解难排忧
- 負薪之憂/负薪之忧
- 軫憂/轸忧
- 轉憂成喜/转忧成喜
- 轉憂為喜/转忧为喜
- 近憂/近忧 (jìnyōu)
- 采薪之憂
- 隱憂/隐忧 (yǐnyōu)
- 離憂/离忧
- 面帶憂容/面带忧容
- 面有憂色/面有忧色
- 飽經憂患/饱经忧患
- 高枕勿憂/高枕勿忧
- 高枕無憂/高枕无忧 (gāozhěnwúyōu)
- 魯女憂葵/鲁女忧葵
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]憂
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: う (u)
- Kan-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)←いう (iu, historical)
- Kun: うい (ui, 憂い, Jōyō); うれい (urei, 憂い, Jōyō)←うれひ (urefi, 憂ひ, historical); うれえる (ureeru, 憂える, Jōyō)←うれへる (ureferu, 憂へる, historical)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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憂 |
う Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Stem of classical adjective 憂し (ushi),[1][2] modern 憂い (ui, “gloomy, sad”).
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]憂 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading いう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading う・い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うれ・い
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading うれ・ひ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うれ・える
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading うれ・へる
- Japanese terms spelled with 憂 read as う
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