歹
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See also: 歺
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]歹 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一弓戈 (MNI), four-corner 10207, composition ⿱一夕)
- Kangxi radical #78, ⽍.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/歹
- 𠯪, 𡛃, 𢗚, 𢪰, 𣲠, 𨑰, 𧺰, 𪞧, 𬳜, 列, 𭅵, 𨚌, 𭣤, 𦍙, 肂, 𩐁, 飱, 𪚗
- 𢁳, 𡧒, 𪽨, 夙, 𣱚, 𪗈, 䬸, 薚, 𡂍
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 578, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16359
- Dae Jaweon: page 969, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1379, character 14
- Unihan data for U+6B79
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin 1
[edit]Historical forms of the character 歹 | ||
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Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) - human remains.
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 歹 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 歹 | |
alternative forms | 歺 𣦵 𡰮 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaat6 / aat3
- Yale: ngaaht / aat
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaat9 / aat8
- Guangdong Romanization: ngad6 / ad3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːt̚²/, /aːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- Middle Chinese: ngat
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːd/
Definitions
[edit]歹
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jing
- Wade–Giles: ching1
- Yale: jīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]歹
Glyph origin 2
[edit]Disputed:
Etymology 3
[edit]trad. | 歹 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 歹 | |
alternative forms | 𣦶 䚟 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): daai2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tái
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5te
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǎi
- Wade–Giles: tai3
- Yale: dǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dae
- Palladius: дай (daj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /taɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дэ (de, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: daai2
- Yale: dáai
- Cantonese Pinyin: daai2
- Guangdong Romanization: dai2
- Sinological IPA (key): /taːi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tái
- Hakka Romanization System: daiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dai3
- Sinological IPA: /tai̯³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Definitions
[edit]歹
Compounds
[edit]- 三好兩歹/三好两歹
- 不分好歹
- 不知好歹 (bùzhīhǎodǎi)
- 不識好歹/不识好歹 (bùshíhǎodǎi)
- 作好作歹
- 作歹 (zuòdǎi)
- 低歹
- 作歹為非/作歹为非
- 做好做歹
- 口歹
- 好共歹
- 好歹 (hǎodǎi)
- 好說歹說/好说歹说
- 心歹
- 忙古歹
- 惡歹子/恶歹子
- 放歹
- 有個好歹/有个好歹
- 杭好杭歹
- 歹不中
- 歹事 (dǎishì)
- 歹事頭/歹事头
- 歹人 (dǎirén)
- 歹做出
- 歹口
- 歹命
- 歹婆娘
- 歹徒 (dǎitú)
- 歹徒橫行/歹徒横行
- 歹心 (dǎixīn)
- 歹意 (dǎiyì)
- 歹戲拖棚/歹戏拖棚
- 歹毒 (dǎidú)
- 歹生活
- 歹話/歹话
- 歹鬥/歹斗
- 歹鬥毛/歹斗毛
- 沒好沒歹/没好没歹
- 為非作歹/为非作歹 (wéifēizuòdǎi)
- 無道歹/无道歹
- 生非作歹
- 知好歹
- 莽古歹
- 詭歹/诡歹
- 說好嫌歹/说好嫌歹
- 說好說歹/说好说歹
- 賴歹/赖歹
Etymology 4
[edit]trad. | 歹 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 歹 | |
alternative forms | 否 壞/坏 痞 |
Unclear. It has been suggested that it could be related to 否 (pǐ, “evil”) or 痞 (pǐ, “rascal; evil”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phái
- Tâi-lô: phái
- Phofsit Daibuun: phae
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰai⁵³/
- IPA (Singapore): /pʰai⁴²/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /pʰai⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pai2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phái
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰai⁵²/
Definitions
[edit]歹
- (Hokkien, Teochew) bad; wicked; evil
- 歹勢/歹势 [Hokkien] ― pháiⁿ-sè [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― excuse me (lit. bad feeling)
- (Hokkien) to become bad; to break down
- (Hokkien) to be fierce
- (Hokkien) to cause something to be harmed or damaged
- (Hokkien) difficult; hard (to do something)
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 惡 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 壞, 賴 |
Taiwan | 壞 | |
Malaysia | 壞 | |
Singapore | 壞 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 壞, 孬, 賴 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瞎, 壞 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 壞 |
Wuhan | 壞, 拐 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 壞 |
Hefei | 壞 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 壞, 弊, 衰 |
Hong Kong | 壞, 衰 | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 衰 | |
Yangjiang | 壞 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 衰 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 衰 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 壞 |
Hakka | Meixian | 壞 |
Wuhua (Meilin) | 衰 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 賴, 壞 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 壞, 獰 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 呆, 否 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹, 䆀 |
Xiamen (Tong'an) | 歹 | |
Quanzhou | 歹 | |
Jinjiang | 歹 | |
Nan'an | 歹 | |
Shishi | 歹 | |
Zhangzhou | 䆀 | |
Zhao'an | 䆀, 孬 | |
Tainan | 歹 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 䆀, 歹 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
Datian | 歹 | |
Chaozhou | 孬 | |
Shantou | 孬 | |
Jieyang | 孬, 歹 | |
Puning | 孬 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 歹, 孬 | |
Leizhou | 㾀 | |
Wenchang | 㾀 | |
Haikou | 㾀 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 㾀 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 壞, 恘 |
Suzhou | 壞, 恘 | |
Ningbo | 歪, 推扳, 嘸做 | |
Wenzhou | 毛 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 壞, 拐 |
Shuangfeng | 壞, 拐 |
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 壞 |
Malaysia | 壞 | |
Singapore | 壞 | |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | 壞 |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 壞 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 壞 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 壞 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 壞 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 壞 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 壞 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 壞 | |
Southern Min | Taipei | 歹 GT |
Penang (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
Wu | Ningbo | 壞, 嘸做 |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Compounds
[edit]- 做歹
- 好歹 (hó-pháiⁿ) (Min Nan)
- 拍歹
- 𣍐歹/𫧃歹
- 歹人 (pháiⁿ-lâng) (Min Nan)
- 歹代
- 歹價/歹价
- 歹剃頭/歹剃头
- 歹勢/歹势 (pháiⁿ-sè) (Min Nan)
- 歹吉兆
- 歹命
- 歹命人
- 歹喙
- 歹喙斗
- 歹囝
- 歹天
- 歹年冬
- 歹徒 (pháiⁿ-tô͘) (Min Nan)
- 歹心 (dǎixīn)
- 歹性地
- 歹意 (dǎiyì)
- 歹手爪
- 歹扭搦
- 歹日
- 歹款
- 歹死
- 歹𤆬頭/歹𤆬头
- 歹物
- 歹物仔
- 歹症頭/歹症头
- 歹癖
- 歹看
- 歹看相
- 歹看面
- 歹睏/歹困
- 歹積德/歹积德
- 歹空
- 歹竹出好筍/歹竹出好笋 (pháiⁿ tek chhut hó sún) (Min Nan)
- 歹紡/歹纺
- 歹聲嗽/歹声嗽
- 歹聽/歹听
- 歹育飼/歹育饲
- 歹腹肚
- 歹話/歹话
- 歹講/歹讲
- 歹路
- 歹運/歹运
- 歹銅舊錫/歹铜旧锡
- 歹面
- 歹面相看
- 歹食 (pháiⁿ-chia̍h) (Min Nan)
Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dai
- Wade–Giles: tai1
- Yale: dāi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dai
- Palladius: дай (daj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /taɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]歹
- Alternative form of 待 (“to stay”)
Etymology 6
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǎi
- Wade–Giles: tai3
- Yale: dǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dae
- Palladius: дай (daj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /taɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]歹
- (used by Miao people) I, you
References
[edit]- “Entry #817”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- The template Template:R:nan:thcwda does not use the parameter(s):
1=297
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.“(#)”, in 臺灣閩南語按呢寫[3], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2013. - Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary
- Chinese Linguipedia
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]歹
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]歹 • (al, dae) (hangeul 알, 대, revised al, dae, McCune–Reischauer al, tae, Yale al, tay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]歹: Hán Nôm readings: ngạt, đãi, ngặt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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