狸
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See also: 貍
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]狸 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹田土 (KHWG), four-corner 46214, composition ⿰犭里)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 711, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20427
- Dae Jaweon: page 1123, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1348, character 11
- Unihan data for U+72F8
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 狸/貍* | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 狸 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *rɯ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). Originally an unorthodox variant (俗字) of the character 貍 (lí).
Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Here some proposals:
- Fangyan [2] and Guo Pu consider it to be one among many dialectal words for 貔 (OC *bi), which however is a different word (Schuessler, 2007) (see there).
- Zhao & Huang (1998) (apud Schuessler, 2007) connects it to Hmong pli ~ ple "cat".
- Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs 貍 (OC *rə) from *pʰrə ~ *pʰə-rə and proposes possible Sino-Tibetan etymology and compares it to Mru pri (“a kind of leopard”) (see also Löffler, 1966); he also sees potential cognacy with Tibetan ཞི་མི (zhi mi), ཞིམ་བུ (zhim bu), ཞུམ་བུ (zhum bu) - all meaning "cat" - if those were from *ryi-mi; additionally, པི་ཤི (pi shi, “cat”) (< *zhi?) is possibly equivalent to Old Chinese dialectal forms with initial *pʰ- (e.g. 𧳏 (pī) < LHC *pʰiə < OC *pʰrə or 𧳏貍/𧳏狸 (pīlí)); in that case, the original Chinese word might have been a compound: 貔狸 "(large) cat and small cat"; even so, see 貔 (OC *bi) for possible Indic influence on Tibetan byi ~ pi (ibid.).
- STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-(l/r)e(y/ŋ) (“squirrel, weasel”) and proposes cognacy with 鼪 (OC *sreŋ, *sreŋs), Tibetan སྲེ་མོང (sre mong, “weasel”), Burmese [script needed] (hrañ, “squirrel”), etc.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lei4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): li1
- Northern Min (KCR): lǐ / sâ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): lì
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lí
- Wade–Giles: li2
- Yale: lí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lei4
- Yale: lèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: lei4
- Guangdong Romanization: léi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lì
- Hakka Romanization System: liˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: li2
- Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: li1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /li¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǐ / sâ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹/, /sɛ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- lǐ - literary;
- sâ̤ - vernacular.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lì
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃i⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- li5 - literary;
- lai5 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: li
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ə/, /*p.rə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rɯ/
Definitions
[edit]狸
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]狸
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8C%E3%82%AD_-_panoramio_-_Masashi_Taomoto_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8C%E3%82%AD_-_panoramio_-_Masashi_Taomoto_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Kanji in this term |
---|
狸 |
たぬき Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
貍 |
According to one theory, derived from 手貫 (tanuki, “arm glove, gauntlet”), which raccoon dog hide was sometimes used for.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō:
- 狸 兼名苑云狸[音𨤲和名太奴木]摶鳥為粮者也
- Raccoon dog: According to Jian Ming Yuan (兼名苑), raccoon dogs [read as 𨤲 (ri), native Japanese 太奴木 (tanuki)] always prey on birds.
- 2020 March 21, Kazuki Nakashima, “Rabbit Town”, in BNA ビー・エヌ・エー [BNA], episode 2, spoken by Shirou Ogami (Yoshimasa Hosoya), Toho/Netflix:
- (figurative) a person who pretends to be good but in fact is cunning (compare English sly fox)
- 1717, Kokusen'ya gonichi gassen (jōruri), volume 3
- やいやい、其処な狸め
- yai yai, soko na tanuki me
- Hey there, you sly dog!
- やいやい、其処な狸め
- Short for 狸饂飩 (tanuki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanuki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
- (rare) Short for 狸寝入り (tanuki neiri): pretending to be asleep
- 狸を決め込む ― tanuki o kimekomu ― pretend to be a raccoon dog → feign sleep
- (rare, obsolete) Short for 狸汁 (tanuki-jiru): a soup made from tanuki meat mixed with daikon, burdock root, etc.
Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タヌキ.
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 狸菖蒲 (tanuki ayame)
- 狸饂飩 (tanuki-udon)
- 狸親父 (tanuki oyaji)
- 狸顔 (tanukigao)
- 狸狩り (tanukigari)
- 狸小路 (Tanuki Kōji)
- 狸爺 (tanukijijī)
- 狸汁 (tanuki-jiru)
- 狸蕎麦 (tanuki-soba)
- 狸憑き (tanukitsuki)
- 狸寝 (tanukine)
- 狸寝入り (tanuki neiri)
- 狸の燭台 (tanuki no shokudai)
- 狸の茶袋 (tanuki no chabukuro)
- 狸婆 (tanukibabā)
- 狸囃子 (tanukibayashi)
- 狸笛 (tanukibue)
- 狸掘り (tanukibori)
- 狸豆 (tanukimame)
- 狸藻 (tanukimo)
- 狸蘭 (tanukiran)
- 飴細工の狸 (amezaiku no tanuki)
- 射狸 (Idanuki)
- 岩狸 (iwadanuki)
- 海狸 (umidanuki)
- 面白狸 (omoshiro-danuki)
- 隠狸 (Kakushidanuki)
- 狐と狸 (kitsune to tanuki)
- 初午の狸 (hatsūma no tanuki)
- 古狸 (furudanuki)
- 本土狸 (hondo tanuki)
- 豆狸 (mamedanuki)
- 貒狸 (midanuki)
Idioms
[edit]- 狸の睾丸八畳敷 (tanuki no kintama hachijōjiki)
- 同じ穴の狸 (onaji ana no tanuki)
- 取らぬ狸の皮算用 (toranu tanuki no kawazan'yō)
Proverbs
[edit]Proverbs
- 狸の燭台 (tanuki no shokudai)
- 狸の腹鼓 (tanuki no haratsuzumi)
- 狐と狸の化かし合い (kitsune to tanuki no bakashi ai)
- 豺狼路に当たれり,安んぞ狐狸を問わん (sairō michi ni atareri, izukunzo kori o towan)
- 鹿待つ所の狸 (shika matsu tokoro no tanuki)
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
狸 |
たたけ Hyōgai |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
---|
狸毛 |
⟨tatake2⟩ → */tatakəɨ/ → /tatake/
From Old Japanese.
Noun
[edit]- (archaic, obsolete) a raccoon dog
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
- 猫狸 [...] ニ又漢云野貍、倭言上尼古、下多〻既
- Cat and raccoon dog, [...] both of them are called 野貍 (yari) in Chinese; the former is called 尼古 (⟨neko1⟩ → neko) while the latter is called 多〻既 (⟨tatake2⟩ → tatake) in Japanese.
- (archaic, obsolete) the hair of a raccoon dog, used for making brushes
- 1445, Ainōshō, published 1446:
- タゝゲノ筆ナンド云。タゝ毛トハ。タヌキノ毛歟。狸ノ字ヲ。タゝゲトヨム
- Tatage no fude nando iu. Tatage to wa, tanuki no ke ka. Tanuki no ji o, tatage to yomu
- This is a so-called brush [made] of tatage. Tatage [spelled by the character 毛 meaning "hair"] might mean the hair of a raccoon dog. The 狸 character for "raccoon dog" is read as tatage.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
狸 |
たのき Hyōgai |
irregular |
Cognate with tanuki above.
Considered to be a result of irregular apophony in the medieval times.[4]
Noun
[edit]- (dated, dialectal, Western Japan, chiefly Kansai) a raccoon dog
- (dated, dialectal, Kansai) Short for 狸饂飩 (tanoki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanoki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “タヌキ/狸/たぬき”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ “狸”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]狸 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
- (너구리 리, neoguri-): raccoon dog
Synonyms
[edit]Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]狸
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as たぬき.[1]
Noun
[edit]狸 (tanuki)
References
[edit]- ^ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典 [Documentation of the Language of Okinawa], Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), , page 63
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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