給
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]給 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女火人一口 (VFOMR), four-corner 28961, composition ⿰糹合)
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 923, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27432
- Dae Jaweon: page 1357, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3394, character 11
- Unihan data for U+7D66
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 給 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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龕 | *kʰuːm |
媕 | *quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb |
頜 | *ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb |
答 | *tkuːb |
畣 | *tkuːb |
荅 | *tkuːb |
嗒 | *tuːb, *tʰoːb |
褡 | *tuːb, *toːb |
撘 | *tuːb |
搭 | *tuːb, *tʰoːb |
榙 | *tkuːb, *ɡuːb |
佮 | *tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb |
蛤 | *kuːb |
鴿 | *kuːb |
合 | *kuːb, *ɡuːb |
郃 | *kuːb, *ɡuːb |
匌 | *kuːb, *kʰuːb |
鉿 | *kuːb |
閤 | *kuːb |
鞈 | *kuːb, *kruːb |
韐 | *kuːb, *kruːb |
鮯 | *kuːb |
哈 | *ŋɡuːb |
姶 | *quːb, *quːb |
欱 | *qʰuːb, *qʰruːb |
盒 | *ɡuːb |
耠 | *ɡuːb |
詥 | *ɡuːb |
塔 | *tʰuːb |
鞳 | *tʰoːb |
劄 | *rtuːb |
跲 | *kruːb, *kob, *ɡob |
袷 | *kruːb, *ŋkob |
餄 | *kruːb |
恰 | *kʰruːb |
帢 | *kʰruːb |
洽 | *ɡruːb |
祫 | *ɡruːb |
珨 | *ɡruːb |
烚 | *ɡruːb |
歙 | *qʰjob, *qʰrub |
湁 | *tkʰub |
拾 | *ɡjub |
給 | *krub |
翕 | *qʰrub |
噏 | *qʰrub |
潝 | *qʰrub |
熻 | *qʰrub |
嬆 | *qʰrub |
翖 | *qʰrub |
闟 | *qʰrub |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *krub) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb).
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 給 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 给 |
Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qǝ̆p (“to give; to supply”), comparing it to Burmese အပ် (ap, “to commit; to deliver; to hand over”), Jingpho ap (“to hand over”), Lepcha ᰀᰤᰬᰱ (kjep, “to add to; to multiply”), ᰃᰤᰱ (gjap, “many”).
In Mandarin, Jin and Xiang, pronunciations 1 and 2 are generally thought of as colloquial and literary readings respectively, from the same Middle Chinese etymon (Zhengzhang, 2002; Liu, 2021; among others). Pronunciation 2, the literary reading, is a regular reflex from Middle Chinese. However, since pronunciation 1 is highly irregular, others have proposed alternative etymologies for it:
- From the contraction of 過與 (MC kwaH yoX, “to pass to”) (Ikeda, 1962; Hirayama, 2000, 2010; Wang, 2022);
- From 乞 (MC khj+t|khj+jH, “to give”) (Zhang, 1989); and
- From 饋 (MC gwijH, “to gift”) (Shimura, 1995).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ge1
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): gǐ / gěi
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ги (gi, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ji3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gei2
- Northern Min (KCR): gĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gék
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 7ciq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ge3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄟˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gěi
- Wade–Giles: kei3
- Yale: gěi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geei
- Palladius: гэй (gɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /keɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ge1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ge
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)+
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: gǐ / gěi
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): gi3 / gei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki¹¹/, /kəi¹¹/
- (Nanjing)
- gǐ - colloquial;
- gěi - literary.
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ги (gi, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kap1
- Yale: kāp
- Cantonese Pinyin: kap7
- Guangdong Romanization: keb1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐp̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kip2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰip̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ji3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kip
- Hakka Romanization System: gibˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gib5
- Sinological IPA: /kip̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gei2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kei⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gék
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ge3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɤ̞⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kip
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)[ə]p/
- (Zhengzhang): /*krub/
Definitions
[edit]給
- to give
- for; for the benefit of
- to; with (following verbs to indicate the handing over or passing of something)
- to (introduce recipient of an action)
- by (marker of passive voice)
- Used in the form of 給我 in imperative sentences for emphasis.
- Used before a verb for emphasis of affectedness.
- (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) and
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jie2
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): gǐ / gěi
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ji3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): gĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gék
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7ciq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, literary)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
- Wade–Giles: chi3
- Yale: jǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jie2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gie
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)+
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: gǐ / gěi
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): gi3 / gei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki¹¹/, /kəi¹¹/
- (Nanjing)
- gǐ - colloquial;
- gěi - literary.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kap1
- Yale: kāp
- Cantonese Pinyin: kap7
- Guangdong Romanization: keb1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐp̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kip2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰip̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ji3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kip
- Hakka Romanization System: gibˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gib5
- Sinological IPA: /kip̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gék
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ji6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kip
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)[ə]p/
- (Zhengzhang): /*krub/
Definitions
[edit]給
Compounds
[edit]- 不給/不给 (bùjǐ)
- 不能自給/不能自给
- 人給家足/人给家足
- 仰給/仰给
- 仰給於人/仰给于人
- 供給/供给 (gōngjǐ)
- 保險給付/保险给付
- 俸給/俸给
- 傭給/佣给
- 公共給水/公共给水
- 利口捷給/利口捷给
- 加給/加给
- 取給/取给 (qǔjǐ)
- 口才辨給/口才辨给
- 口給/口给
- 口齒便給/口齿便给
- 周給/周给
- 女給/女给
- 家給/家给
- 家給人足/家给人足
- 家給戶贍/家给户赡
- 家給民足/家给民足
- 恩給制/恩给制
- 慧給/慧给
- 戶給人足/户给人足
- 捷給/捷给
- 敏給/敏给
- 日不暇給/日不暇给
- 日給/日给
- 月給/月给 (yuèjǐ)
- 有給職/有给职
- 死亡給付/死亡给付
- 無給職/无给职
- 現金給付/现金给付
- 目不暇給/目不暇给 (mùbùxiájǐ)
- 目不給視/目不给视
- 給予/给予
- 給事中/给事中
- 給付/给付
- 給使/给使
- 給假/给假
- 給散/给散
- 給水/给水 (jǐshuǐ)
- 給與/给与 (jǐyǔ)
- 給足/给足
- 給養/给养 (jǐyǎng)
- 自給/自给 (zìjǐ)
- 自給自足/自给自足 (zìjǐzìzú)
- 薪給/薪给 (xīnjǐ)
- 虛給/虚给
- 補給/补给 (bǔjǐ)
- 補給品/补给品
- 補給線/补给线
- 補給證/补给证
- 請給/请给
- 賑給/赈给
- 辨給/辨给
- 辭給/辞给
- 辯給/辩给
- 配給/配给 (pèijǐ)
- 配給制度/配给制度
- 配給品/配给品
- 配給票/配给票
- 醫療給付/医疗给付
- 饔飧不給/饔飧不给
- 齊給/齐给
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 給 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 给 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘
Definitions
[edit]給
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こう (kō)←こふ (kofu, historical)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)←きふ (kifu, historical)
- On: きょう (kyō)←けふ (kefu, historical)
- Kun: たまう (tamau, 給う)←たまふ (tamafu, 給ふ, historical); たまえ (tamae, 給え)←たまへ (tamafe, 給へ, historical); たもう (tamou, 給う)←たまふ (tamafu, 給ふ, historical)
- Nanori: きい (kī)
Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]給 (eumhun 넉넉할 급 (neongneokhal geup))
Vietnamese
[edit]Chữ Hán
[edit]給: Hán Nôm readings: cấp, góp, cắp, cóp, cướp
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading きふ
- Japanese kanji with on reading きょう
- Japanese kanji with historical on reading けふ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading たま・う
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading たま・ふ
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading きい
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