額
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]額 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 31686, composition ⿰客頁)
Derived characters
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1406, character 40
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43586
- Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4384, character 4
- Unihan data for U+984D
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 額 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 额* | |
alternative forms | 頟/额 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
潞 | *raːɡs |
鷺 | *raːɡs |
璐 | *raːɡs |
簬 | *raːɡs |
簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
各 | *klaːɡ |
胳 | *klaːɡ |
閣 | *klaːɡ |
格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
擱 | *klaːɡ |
恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
茖 | *kraːɡ |
骼 | *kraːɡ |
觡 | *kraːɡ |
蛒 | *kraːɡ |
敋 | *kraːɡ |
客 | *kʰraːɡ |
喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋɡraːɡ) : phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (“forehead; cockscomb”).
This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with 顏 (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of 詻 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).
The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (“forehead”), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngaah), is unclear.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nge2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ңый (ŋɨy, I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaak6 / ngaak6-2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiak
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngiăh→ngiĕh / ngiăh
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8ngaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: é
- Wade–Giles: o2
- Yale: é
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nge2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nge
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ңый (ŋɨy, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋei²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaak6 / ngaak6-2
- Yale: ngaahk / ngáak
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaak9 / ngaak9-2
- Guangdong Romanization: ngag6 / ngag6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːk̚²/, /ŋaːk̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiak
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiagˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiag5
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯ak̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiăh→ngiĕh / ngiăh
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋieʔ⁵/, /ŋiaʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- ngiăh>ngiĕh - “forehead”;
- ngiăh - “top part, board, amount”.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
- Tâi-lô: gia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiak̚²⁴/
- hia̍h - vernacular (“forehead, top part, board”);
- gia̍h - vernacular (“amount”);
- ge̍k/gia̍k - literary.
- Middle Chinese: ngaek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤrak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡraːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]額
- (anatomy) forehead
- top part
- horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
- amount; quantity; number
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (forehead):
Compounds
[edit]- 以手加額/以手加额 (yǐshǒujiā'é)
- 低額/低额
- 信用額度/信用额度 (xìnyòng édù)
- 免稅額/免税额
- 全額/全额 (quán'é)
- 全額交割/全额交割
- 兵額/兵额
- 凸額/凸额 (tū'é)
- 前額/前额 (qián'é)
- 匾額/匾额 (biǎn'é)
- 名額/名额 (míng'é)
- 員額/员额
- 增額國代/增额国代
- 大額/大额
- 學額/学额
- 定額/定额 (dìng'é)
- 寬減額/宽减额
- 小額/小额 (xiǎo'é)
- 巨額/巨额 (jù'é)
- 差額/差额 (chā'é)
- 差額選舉/差额选举 (chā'é xuǎnjǔ)
- 扁額/扁额
- 扣除額/扣除额
- 投資額/投资额
- 抹額/抹额 (mò'é)
- 數額/数额 (shù'é)
- 榜額/榜额 (bǎng'é)
- 款額/款额
- 毛額/毛额 (máo'é)
- 浮額/浮额
- 溢額/溢额
- 滿額/满额 (mǎn'é)
- 焦頭爛額/焦头烂额 (jiāotóulàn'é)
- 燋頭爛額/燋头烂额
- 營業額/营业额 (yíngyè'é)
- 爛額焦頭/烂额焦头
- 獎額/奖额
- 產額/产额
- 疾首蹙額/疾首蹙额
- 白額虎/白额虎
- 白額雁/白额雁
- 碑額/碑额 (bēi'é)
- 票額/票额
- 稅額/税额
- 空額/空额 (kòng'é)
- 篆額/篆额
- 總額/总额 (zǒng'é)
- 缺額/缺额
- 舉手加額/举手加额
- 舉手扣額/举手扣额
- 貂覆額/貂覆额
- 貿易差額/贸易差额
- 貿易額/贸易额
- 資本額/资本额
- 超額/超额 (chāo'é)
- 超額貸款/超额贷款
- 足額/足额 (zú'é)
- 蹙額/蹙额 (cù'é)
- 蹙額愁眉/蹙额愁眉
- 蹙額顰眉/蹙额颦眉
- 輓額/挽额
- 進口配額/进口配额
- 逾額/逾额
- 配額/配额 (pèi'é)
- 金額/金额 (jīn'é)
- 鉅額/巨额 (jù'é)
- 銅頭鐵額/铜头铁额
- 限額/限额 (xiàn'é)
- 面額/面额 (miàn'é)
- 額分/额分
- 額外/额外 (éwài)
- 額外之人/额外之人
- 額子/额子
- 額定/额定 (édìng)
- 額度/额度 (édù)
- 額徵/额征
- 額我略曆/额我略历
- 額手/额手
- 額手稱慶/额手称庆 (éshǒuchéngqìng)
- 額手稱頌/额手称颂
- 額支/额支
- 額數/额数
- 額滿/额满
- 額濟納河/额济纳河
- 額爾德尼/额尔德尼 (É'ěrdéní)
- 額角/额角 (éjiǎo)
- 額頭/额头 (étóu)
- 題額/题额
- 額顱/额颅 (élú)
- 額風痧/额风痧
- 額駙/额驸 (éfù)
- 額黃/额黄
- 顰眉蹙額/颦眉蹙额
- 餘額/余额 (yú'é)
- 餘額交割/余额交割
- 高額/高额 (gāo'é)
- 點額/点额
- 龍門點額/龙门点额
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]額
- (Shanghainese) Alternative form of 個/个 (“possessive particle”)
Usage notes
[edit]- This is a Mandarin influenced form of the character often used in Shanghainese. Due to 個’s expected pronunciation starting with /k/, it is often mistakenly analysed to be unrelated to this sense.
- This cannot be used in other Northern Wu languages, such as Suzhounese, due to their retention of the /k/ initial.
References
[edit]- “額”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]額
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
額 |
ひたい Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
額 |
がく Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 額銘 (gakumei): (swords) an inscription where a blade is shortened and a rectangular metal piece bearing the original inscription is cut out from the removed portion and embedded in the new tang
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
額 |
ぬか Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɛk̚] ~ [e̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [액/엑]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]額: Hán Nôm readings: ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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