首
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Translingual
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Han character
[edit]首 (Kangxi radical 185, 首+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹月山 (THBU), four-corner 80601, composition ⿱丷𦣻 or ⿱䒑自)
- Kangxi radical #185, ⾸.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/首
- 𠃺, 𫮐, 𡞝, 𭛼, 𢰢, 渞, 𤠁, 道, 𪳂, 𣮹, 𫤞, 𪼼, 艏, 𫋎, 𨍣, 𨲛, 𮫤, 𮬅, 𠡼, 𬱯, 𩯢, 𪬐, 𩠮, 𩠰, 𭐱, 衜, 𭩍, 𬞪
Further reading
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1427, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44489
- Dae Jaweon: page 1953, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4500, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9996
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
首 | |
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alternative forms | 𩠐 𦣻 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 首 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Simplified from 𩠐 (巛 → 丷). Originally pictographic (象形) of an animal with a long mouth and horns. In the oracle bone script, it appeared with or without hair (巛), but 𩠐, the form with hair, was the form that was perpetuated.
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lu; cognate with Mizo lu (“head”). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (“head”) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawꟲ ~ krawꟲ (“head; hair knot”) (Thai เกล้า (glâao, “hair; head”)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare 道 (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”).
This word was replaced by 頭 (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sau2
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): siū
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5seu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǒu
- Wade–Giles: shou3
- Yale: shǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoou
- Palladius: шоу (šou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sau2
- Yale: sáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: sau2
- Guangdong Romanization: seo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐu̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú
- Hakka Romanization System: suˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: su3
- Sinological IPA: /su³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siū
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- siú - literary;
- chhiú - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: syuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥uʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljuʔ/
Definitions
[edit]首
- (archaic, anatomy) head
- 愛而不見,搔首踟躕。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Ài ér bù jiàn, sāo shǒu chíchú. [Pinyin]
- Loving and not seeing her, I scratch my head, and am in perplexity.
爱而不见,搔首踟蹰。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- chief; leader
- start; beginning
- first; best; highest
- prime; prior; primary
- side; direction
- Classifier for songs and poems. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
Synonyms
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǒu
- Wade–Giles: shou3
- Yale: shǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoou
- Palladius: шоу (šou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sau2 / sau3
- Yale: sáu / sau
- Cantonese Pinyin: sau2 / sau3
- Guangdong Romanization: seo2 / seo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐu̯³⁵/, /sɐu̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: syuwH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥uʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljus/
Definitions
[edit]首
Compounds
[edit]- 一蛇二首
- 上廳行首/上厅行首
- 下首 (xiàshǒu)
- 上首 (shàngshǒu)
- 上首徒弟
- 不堪回首 (bùkānhuíshǒu)
- 乳首
- 亂首/乱首
- 亂首垢面/乱首垢面
- 企足矯首/企足矫首
- 仰首伸眉
- 伏首貼耳/伏首贴耳
- 低首下心
- 何首烏/何首乌 (héshǒuwū)
- 俛首/俯首
- 俛首帖耳/俯首帖耳
- 俛首聽命/俯首听命
- 俛首自招/俯首自招
- 個人首頁/个人首页
- 倡首 (chàngshǒu)
- 俯首
- 俯首就縛/俯首就缚
- 俯首帖耳
- 俯首稱臣/俯首称臣
- 俯首聽命/俯首听命
- 俯首認罪/俯首认罪
- 側首/侧首
- 元首 (yuánshǒu)
- 六陽會首/六阳会首
- 六陽首級/六阳首级
- 六陽魁首/六阳魁首
- 出首 (chūshǒu)
- 分首判袂
- 剽首
- 功首
- 匕首
- 北首
- 匪首 (fěishǒu)
- 卬首信眉
- 叩首 (kòushǒu)
- 名列榜首 (mínglièbǎngshǒu)
- 囚首喪面/囚首丧面
- 囚首垢面
- 回首 (huíshǒu)
- 圓首方足/圆首方足
- 垂首喪氣/垂首丧气
- 埋首 (máishǒu)
- 姿首
- 尸首
- 居首 (jūshǒu)
- 屍首/尸首
- 布衣黔首
- 帕首
- 龐眉皓首/庞眉皓首
- 延首
- 引首
- 引首章
- 後首/后首
- 徇首
- 徹首徹尾/彻首彻尾
- 心折首肯
- 愴然垂首/怆然垂首
- 懸首/悬首 (xuánshǒu)
- 戎首
- 抗首
- 投首
- 批首
- 拜手稽首
- 拜稽首
- 捐軀殞首/捐躯殒首
- 授首
- 捧首
- 搔首
- 搔首弄姿 (sāoshǒunòngzī)
- 搔首抓耳
- 搔首踟躕/搔首踟蹰
- 摧身碎首
- 擒賊擒首/擒贼擒首
- 教首
- 斂首低眉/敛首低眉
- 文章魁首
- 斬首/斩首 (zhǎnshǒu)
- 斬首示眾/斩首示众
- 斷首捐軀/断首捐躯
- 昂首 (ángshǒu)
- 昂首挺立
- 昂首挺胸
- 昂首望天
- 昂首闊步/昂首阔步 (ángshǒukuòbù)
- 會首/会首
- 有首尾
- 東首/东首
- 枳首
- 枳首蛇
- 案首 (ànshǒu)
- 梟首/枭首 (xiāoshǒu)
- 榜首 (bǎngshǒu)
- 標首/标首
- 權首/权首
- 歲首/岁首
- 歸首/归首
- 殞身碎首/殒身碎首
- 沒甚首尾/没甚首尾
- 泥首
- 濡首
- 為首/为首 (wéishǒu)
- 營首/营首
- 牛首 (Niúshǒu)
- 犀首
- 狐死首丘
- 獻首/献首 (xiànshǒu)
- 班首
- 畏首畏尾 (wèishǒuwèiwěi)
- 疚心疾首
- 疢如疾首
- 疾首 (jíshǒu)
- 疾首痛心
- 疾首蹙頞/疾首蹙𱂨
- 疾首蹙額/疾首蹙额
- 痛心疾首 (tòngxīnjíshǒu)
- 發行首日/发行首日
- 白首 (báishǒu)
- 白首一節/白首一节
- 白首之心
- 白首北面
- 白首同歸/白首同归
- 白首如新
- 白首無成/白首无成
- 白首相知
- 白首空歸/白首空归
- 白首窮經/白首穷经
- 皓首 (hàoshǒu)
- 皓首一經/皓首一经
- 皓首窮經/皓首穷经
- 皓首蒼顏/皓首苍颜
- 盜首/盗首
- 矯首/矫首
- 石首 (shíshǒu)
- 石首魚/石首鱼 (shíshǒuyú)
- 碎首糜軀/碎首糜躯
- 禍首/祸首 (huòshǒu)
- 禍首罪魁/祸首罪魁
- 稽首 (qǐshǒu)
- 空首
- 糜軀碎首/糜躯碎首
- 網路首頁/网路首页
- 綯首/绹首
- 繯首/缳首
- 罪魁禍首/罪魁祸首 (zuìkuíhuòshǒu)
- 群龍無首/群龙无首 (qúnlóngwúshǒu)
- 翹首/翘首 (qiáoshǒu)
- 翹首企足/翘首企足
- 翹首引領/翘首引领
- 翹首盼望/翘首盼望
- 聚首 (jùshǒu)
- 自首 (zìshǒu)
- 舉首/举首
- 荼首
- 蔀首
- 蓬首
- 蓬首垢面 (péngshǒugòumiàn)
- 蛾眉螓首
- 螓首
- 螓首蛾眉
- 螭首
- 行首 (hángshǒu)
- 褎然舉首/褎然举首
- 貿首/贸首
- 賊首/贼首 (zéishǒu)
- 起首 (qǐshǒu)
- 身首分離/身首分离
- 身首異處/身首异处 (shēnshǒuyìchù)
- 軹首蛇/轵首蛇
- 轉首/转首
- 迴首/回首 (huíshǒu)
- 進退首鼠/进退首鼠
- 還首/还首
- 部會首長/部会首长
- 部首 (bùshǒu)
- 鋪首/铺首
- 門首/门首 (ménshǒu)
- 開首/开首 (kāishǒu)
- 陳首/陈首
- 隕首/陨首 (yǔnshǒu)
- 面首 (miànshǒu)
- 韻首/韵首
- 頂首/顶首
- 頓首/顿首 (dùnshǒu)
- 頷首/颔首 (hànshǒu)
- 頭首/头首
- 風流班首/风流班首
- 饅首/馒首
- 首七
- 首下尻高
- 首丘
- 首丘之念
- 首丘之思
- 首丘之情
- 首丘之望
- 首丘夙願/首丘夙愿
- 首事 (shǒushì)
- 首人
- 首倡 (shǒuchàng)
- 首倡義舉/首倡义举
- 首先 (shǒuxiān)
- 首創/首创 (shǒuchuàng)
- 首功 (shǒugōng)
- 首呈
- 首告
- 首唱
- 首唱義兵/首唱义兵
- 首唱義舉/首唱义举
- 首善
- 首善之區/首善之区 (shǒushànzhīqū)
- 首善之地 (shǒushànzhīdì)
- 首如飛蓬/首如飞蓬
- 首妻
- 首富 (shǒufù)
- 首尾 (shǒuwěi)
- 首尾一貫/首尾一贯
- 首尾乖互
- 首尾兩端/首尾两端 (shǒuwěiliǎngduān)
- 首尾共濟/首尾共济
- 首尾受敵/首尾受敌
- 首尾夾攻/首尾夹攻
- 首尾狼狽/首尾狼狈
- 首尾相應/首尾相应
- 首尾相援
- 首尾相救
- 首尾相繼/首尾相继
- 首尾相衛/首尾相卫
- 首尾相赴
- 首尾相連/首尾相连
- 首尾貫通/首尾贯通
- 首屈一指 (shǒuqūyīzhǐ)
- 首展
- 首席 (shǒuxí)
- 首府 (shǒufǔ)
- 首度 (shǒudù)
- 首座 (shǒuzuò)
- 首從/首从
- 首惡/首恶 (shǒu'è)
- 首戰/首战
- 首播 (shǒubō)
- 首施 (shǒushī)
- 首施兩端/首施两端 (shǒushīliǎngduān)
- 首日封 (shǒurìfēng)
- 首映 (shǒuyìng)
- 首映典禮/首映典礼
- 首時/首时
- 首服 (shǒufú)
- 首演 (shǒuyǎn)
- 首犯 (shǒufàn)
- 首狀/首状
- 首當其衝/首当其冲 (shǒudāngqíchōng)
- 首相 (shǒuxiàng)
- 首相府 (shǒuxiàngfǔ)
- 首級/首级 (shǒují)
- 首縣/首县
- 首義/首义 (shǒuyì)
- 首義路/首义路 (Shǒuyìlù)
- 首肯 (shǒukěn)
- 首腦/首脑 (shǒunǎo)
- 首航 (shǒuháng)
- 首薦/首荐
- 首要 (shǒuyào)
- 首謀/首谋
- 首足異處/首足异处
- 首路
- 首身
- 首身分離/首身分离
- 首車/首车
- 首輪/首轮 (shǒulún)
- 首輪片/首轮片
- 首途 (shǒutú)
- 首都 (shǒudū)
- 首長/首长 (shǒuzhǎng)
- 首長制/首长制
- 首開紀錄/首开纪录
- 首陀羅/首陀罗 (shǒutuóluó)
- 首陽山/首阳山
- 首頁/首页 (shǒuyè)
- 首領/首领 (shǒulǐng)
- 首飾/首饰 (shǒushì)
- 首鼠 (shǒushǔ)
- 首鼠兩端/首鼠两端 (shǒushǔliǎngduān)
- 首鼠模棱
- 馬首是瞻/马首是瞻 (mǎshǒushìzhān)
- 驀然回首/蓦然回首
- 驤首/骧首
- 魁首 (kuíshǒu)
- 鶉首/鹑首
- 鷁首/鹢首 (yìshǒu)
- 黔首 (qiánshǒu)
- 點首/点首
- 黥首 (qíngshǒu)
- 龍首/龙首
References
[edit]- “首”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
- Kun: くび (kubi, 首, Jōyō); おびと (obito, 首); こうべ (kōbe, 首); しるし (shirushi, 首); つかさ (tsukasa, 首); かしら (kashira, 首); はじめ (hajime, 首め); もうす (mōsu, 首す)
- Nanori: おびと (obito); こべ (kobe); す (su)
Compounds
[edit]- 機首 (kishu)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
首 |
くび Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
頸 頚 |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kunpi.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- neck (part of the body connecting head and torso)
- the neck and head as a whole
- dismissal from employment
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
首 |
おびと Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]
Shift from Old Japanese 大人 (opobito, “boss, chief”, literally “big person”).[2][3]
/opobito/ → /obito/
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
首 |
こうべ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]
Analyzed as a shift from earlier kamipe, as a compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) with the suffix 方 (he, “location”).[2][3]
/kamipe/ → /kampe/ → /kaube/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/
Noun
[edit]- Alternative spelling of 頭 (“head”) (part of the body)
- 2021 September 10, Eve (lyrics and music), “遊生夢死 [Live Playing, Die Dreaming]”:
- 遊生夢死
才能ない脳内 唱えよシスターズ
首を垂れることしかないの- Yūsei bōshi
Sainō nai nōnai tonaeyo shisutāzu
Kōbe o tareru koto shika nai no - Live playing, die dreaming
Chant inside my talentless brain, sisters
All I can do is bow down
- Yūsei bōshi
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
首 |
しゅ Grade: 2 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 首 (MC syuwX|syuwH).
Pronunciation
[edit]Counter
[edit]Noun
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 首 (MC syuwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈〮 (syú) (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]首: Hán Nôm readings: thủ, thú, siều
Compounds
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Kangxi Radicals block
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- CJKV simplified characters
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese classifiers
- Mandarin classifiers
- Cantonese classifiers
- Hakka classifiers
- Eastern Min classifiers
- Hokkien classifiers
- Teochew classifiers
- Wu classifiers
- Middle Chinese classifiers
- Old Chinese classifiers
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 首
- Chinese terms with archaic senses
- zh:Anatomy
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しゅ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しゅう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くび
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おびと
- Japanese kanji with kun reading こうべ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しるし
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つかさ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かしら
- Japanese kanji with kun reading はじ・め
- Japanese kanji with kun reading もう・す
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おびと
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading こべ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading す
- Japanese terms spelled with 首 read as くび
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 首
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 首 read as おびと
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 首 read as こうべ
- Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese terms spelled with 首 read as しゅ
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese counters
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- ja:Anatomy
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- CJKV radicals