麵
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 麵 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 麺 |
Simplified | 面 |
Han character
[edit]麵 (Kangxi radical 199, 麥+9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 十弓一田中 (JNMWL) or 十水一田中 (JEMWL), four-corner 41246, composition ⿰麥面 or ⿺麥面)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1514, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47827
- Dae Jaweon: page 2043, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4605, character 12
- Unihan data for U+9EB5
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 麵/麪 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 面* | |
2nd round simp. | 𫩑 | |
alternative forms | 麺 麫/面 糆 𪋽 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 麵 |
---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *meːns) : semantic 麥 (“wheat”) + phonetic 面 (OC *mens). Originally 麪.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mian4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мян (mi͡an, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): mien5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mie3
- Northern Min (KCR): mīng
- Eastern Min (BUC): miêng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6mi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mienn5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: miàn
- Wade–Giles: mien4
- Yale: myàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miann
- Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (麵兒/面儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: miànr
- Wade–Giles: mien4-ʼrh
- Yale: myànr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miall
- Palladius: мяньр (mjanʹr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: erhua-ed - “powder”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: mian4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mian
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɛn²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мян (mi͡an, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: min6
- Yale: mihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: min6
- Guangdong Romanization: min6
- Sinological IPA (key): /miːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: men5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐben³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mien5
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɛn¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mien
- Hakka Romanization System: mien
- Hagfa Pinyim: mian4
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mie3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /mie⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mīng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: miêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɛŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- mī - vernacular;
- biān - literary.
- Middle Chinese: menH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*meːns/
Definitions
[edit]麵
- flour
- wheat noodles (Classifier: 碗 m c; 條/条 m c; 個/个 c)
- (Mainland China) powder
- (Mainland China, dialectal) soft and floury; mealy
- (Mandarin, colloquial, of a person) weak; timid; indecisive; slow
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 粉 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 麵兒 |
Singapore | 粉 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 麵兒 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 麵麵兒 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 麵麵, 麵子, 粉粉 |
Wuhan | 粉子 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 粉子, 粉 |
Hefei | 粉 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 粉 |
Hong Kong | 粉 | |
Yangjiang | 粉 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 粉 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 粉 |
Hakka | Meixian | 粉 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 麵麵 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 粉 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 粉粉 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 粉 |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 粉 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 粉 | |
Chaozhou | 粉 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 粉 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 粉 |
Suzhou | 粉 | |
Wenzhou | 粉 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 粉子 |
Shuangfeng | 粉子 |
Compounds
[edit]- 一鍋麵/一锅面
- 下麵/下面 (xiàmiàn)
- 中筋麵粉/中筋面粉 (zhōngjīn miànfěn)
- 乾麵/干面 (gānmiàn)
- 伊府麵/伊府面 (yīfǔmiàn)
- 伊麵/伊面 (yīmiàn)
- 低筋麵粉/低筋面粉 (dījīn miànfěn)
- 光麵/光面 (guāngmiàn)
- 兩頭白麵/两头白面
- 公仔麵/公仔面 (gōngzǎimiàn)
- 冰冰麵/冰冰面 (bīngbīngmiàn)
- 冷麵/冷面 (lěngmiàn)
- 刀削麵/刀削面 (dāoxiāomiàn)
- 切麵/切面 (qiēmiàn)
- 削麵/削面 (xiāomiàn)
- 千層麵/千层面 (qiāncéngmiàn)
- 即食麵/即食面 (jíshímiàn)
- 吃板刀麵/吃板刀面
- 吃辣麵/吃辣面
- 和麵/和面
- 培根蛋麵/培根蛋面 (péigēndànmiàn)
- 壯麵/壮面
- 壽麵/寿面 (shòumiàn)
- 大滷麵/大卤面 (dàlǔmiàn)
- 小米麵/小米面
- 就湯下麵/就汤下面
- 廣東炒麵/广东炒面
- 快速麵/快速面
- 意大利麵/意大利面 (yìdàlìmiàn)
- 扯麵/扯面
- 拌麵/拌面 (bànmiàn)
- 拉麵/拉面 (lāmiàn)
- 捏麵人/捏面人
- 捵麵/捵面
- 掛麵/挂面 (guàmiàn)
- 搋麵/搋面
- 撈麵/捞面 (lāomiàn)
- 擔仔麵/担仔面 (dànzǎimiàn)
- 擔擔麵/担担面
- 擀麵/擀面 (gǎnmiàn)
- 擀麵杖/擀面杖 (gǎnmiànzhàng)
- 擀麵棍/擀面棍 (gǎnmiàngùn)
- 方便麵/方便面 (fāngbiànmiàn)
- 杯麵/杯面 (bēimiàn)
- 棒子麵/棒子面 (bàngzimiàn)
- 死麵/死面 (sǐmiàn)
- 水麵/水面
- 油茶麵兒/油茶面儿
- 油麵/油面 (yóumiàn)
- 泡麵/泡面 (pàomiàn)
- 泡麵哲學/泡面哲学
- 泡麵市場/泡面市场
- 洋麵/洋面
- 清湯掛麵/清汤挂面
- 涼麵/凉面 (liángmiàn)
- 湯麵/汤面 (tāngmiàn)
- 溲麵/溲面
- 炒麵/炒面 (chǎomiàn)
- 炒麵塊子/炒面块子
- 炸醬麵/炸酱面 (zhájiàngmiàn)
- 烤麵包機/烤面包机 (kǎomiànbāojī)
- 烏龍麵/乌龙面 (wūlóngmiàn)
- 熱乾麵/热干面 (règānmiàn)
- 燙麵/烫面
- 牛肉麵/牛肉面 (niúròumiàn)
- 甜水麵/甜水面
- 甜麵醬/甜面酱 (tiánmiànjiàng)
- 生力麵/生力面
- 發麵/发面 (fāmiàn)
- 白粉麵/白粉面
- 白麵/白面 (báimiàn)
- 硬麵/硬面
- 簳麵杖/簳面杖
- 索麵/索面
- 茶麵子/茶面子
- 蔥油拌麵/葱油拌面
- 蕎麥麵/荞麦面 (qiáomàimiàn)
- 藥麵兒/药面儿 (yàomiànr)
- 彪彪麵/彪彪面 (biāobiāomiàn)
- 蚵仔麵線/蚵仔面线 (ézǐ miànxiàn)
- 豬腳麵線/猪脚面线
- 趕麵棍/赶面棍
- 通心麵/通心面
- 速食麵/速食面 (sùshímiàn)
- 過水麵/过水面
- 𰻞𰻞麵/𰻝𰻝面 (biángbiángmiàn)
- 醡醬麵/醡酱面 (zhàjiàngmiàn)
- 重羅麵/重罗面
- 長壽麵/长寿面 (chángshòumiàn)
- 陽春麵/阳春面 (yángchūnmiàn)
- 雜合麵兒/杂合面儿
- 雜麵/杂面
- 高筋麵粉/高筋面粉 (gāojīn miànfěn)
- 麵人兒/面人儿 (miànrénr)
- 麵包/面包 (miànbāo)
- 麵包圈/面包圈 (miànbāoquān)
- 麵包圈兒/面包圈儿
- 麵包果/面包果 (miànbāoguǒ)
- 麵包樹/面包树 (miànbāoshù)
- 麵包車/面包车 (miànbāochē)
- 麵團/面团 (miàntuán)
- 麵團兒/面团儿
- 麵坊/面坊
- 麵坯兒/面坯儿
- 麵塑/面塑
- 麵子/面子 (miànzi)
- 麵子藥/面子药
- 麵店/面店
- 麵攤子/面摊子
- 麵杖/面杖 (miànzhàng)
- 麵杖吹火/面杖吹火
- 麵條/面条 (miàntiáo)
- 麵湯/面汤 (miàntāng)
- 麵漿/面浆
- 麵疙瘩/面疙瘩 (miàngēda)
- 麵的/面的
- 麵碼兒/面码儿
- 麵筋/面筋 (miànjīn)
- 麵粉/面粉 (miànfěn)
- 麵糊/面糊
- 麵線/面线 (miànxiàn)
- 麵肥/面肥 (miànfěi)
- 麵茶/面茶 (miànchá)
- 麵食/面食 (miànshí)
- 麵餅/面饼 (miànbǐng)
- 麵館/面馆 (miànguǎn)
- 麵館兒/面馆儿
- 黑麵/黑面
Usage notes
[edit]Region | 麵 | 麪 |
---|---|---|
Taiwan | standard | variant |
Hong Kong | variant | standard |
See also
[edit]- 粉 (fěn)
Descendants
[edit]Sino-Xenic (麵):
Others:
- → English: mee (via Min Nan)
- → Malay: mi (via Min Nan)
- Indonesian: mi
- → Mauritian Creole: min (via Yue)
- → Thai: หมี่ (mìi) (via Min Nan)
- → Vietnamese: mì (via Min Nan)
References
[edit]- (Min Nan) “Entry #13088”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]麺 | |
麵 |
Kanji
[edit]麵
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 麺)
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]Categories:
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