kami
English
[edit]![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Amaterasu_cave.jpg/220px-Amaterasu_cave.jpg)
Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Japanese 神 (kami, “god, spirit, deity”).
Noun
[edit]kami (plural kamis or kami)
- (religion, Shinto) An animistic God or spirit in the Shinto religion of Japan.
- (philosophy) The metaphysical causal generator of motion, life, or divinish aura.
Translations
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Orizuru.jpg/250px-Orizuru.jpg)
Borrowed from Japanese 紙 (kami, “paper”).
Noun
[edit]kami (plural kami)
Translations
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Aklanon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronoun
[edit]kami
- we (exclusive)
Alangan
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]kamí
- we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
Amis
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Austronesian *kami. Compare Malay kami (“we”).
Pronoun
[edit]kami
- we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
See also
[edit]Amis personal pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
Person | Singular | Plural | |
1st | — | kako | kami / kita |
inclusive | kami | ||
exclusive | kita / kami | ||
2nd | — | kiso | kamo |
3rd | — | ciira | caira |
Bikol Central
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]kamí (Basahan spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)
- we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
- Nagtatrabaho kami sa sarong kompanya. Ika?
- We work at a company. You?
See also
[edit]Person | Number | Absolute (ang) | Ergative (sa) | Oblique (sa) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length | Full | Short | Full | Short | |||
First | singular | ako | ko | sakuya, sako, saako | |||
plural inclusive | kita | nyato | ta | satuya, sato, saato | |||
plural exclusive | kami | nyamo | mi | samuya, samo, kanamo, saamo | |||
Second | singular | ika | ka | mo | saimo, simo,kanimo | ||
plural | kamo | nindo | saindo, kaninyo, sainyo | ||||
Third | singular | siya, iya | niya | saiya, kaniya | |||
plural | sinda | ninda | sainda, kanila | ||||
Cebuano
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronoun
[edit]kamí (Badlit spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)
See also
[edit]Person | Number | Direct | Indirect (postposed) | Indirect (preposed) | Oblique | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length | Full | Short* | Full | Short** | Base | Suffixed -a | Full | Short | |
First | singular | akó | ko | nakò*** | ko*** | akò | akoa | kanakò | nakò |
plural inclusive | kitá | ta | natò | ta | atò | atoa | kanatò | natò | |
plural exclusive | kamí | mi | namò | amò | amoa | kanamò | namò | ||
Second | singular | ikáw | ka | nimo | mo | imo | imoha | kanimo | nimo |
plural | kamó | mo | ninyo | inyo | inyoha | kaninyo | ninyo | ||
Third | singular | siyá | niya | iya | iyaha | kaniya | niya | ||
plural | silá | nila | ila | ilaha | kanila | nila | |||
*Forms under this column are placed after the verb or predicate they modify, and never used at the start of sentences **Forms under this column are literary and rarely used colloquially. ***Ta is used over nako or ko where the object is a second-person singular pronoun. |
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]kamí (Badlit spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Noun
[edit]kami m (plural kami)
- kami (spirit)
Further reading
[edit]- “kami”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hiligaynon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]kamí
- we (exclusive)
Iban
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]kami
- we (exclusive)
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay kami, from Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]kami
- we (exclusive); I and other(s) but not those I am addressing
- Kami sudah pergi ke pasar. ― We have been to the market.
- 1966, National Pledge of Singapore
- Kami, warganegara Singapura,
sebagai rakyat yang bersatu padu,
tidak kira apa bangsa, bahasa, atau ugama […]- We, the citizens of Singapore,
pledge ourselves as one united people,
regardless of race, language or religion […]
- We, the citizens of Singapore,
- we: the speaker/writer alone. (This use of we is the editorial we, used by writers and others, including royalty—the royal we—as a less personal substitute for I. The reflexive case of this sense of we is ourself.)
- us (exclusive); me and other(s) but not those I am addressing
- Dia memberikan kami makanan. ― He gave us food.
- our (exclusive); my and of other(s) but not of those I am addressing
- Bolehkah kamu taruh buku kami di perpustakaan?. ― . Can you put our books in the library?
- ours (if used with milik, kepunyaan, etc.)
- Hak Milik tanah bangsa Indonesia hanya untuk kami sekalian. ― It is only we [Indonesians] who have the right to own this Indonesian land.
Synonyms
[edit]Indonesian first-person pronouns:
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kami” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Inonhan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronoun
[edit]kami
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]kami
Javanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]kami
- Romanization of ꦏꦩꦶ.
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]kami (Jawi spelling کامي)
Synonyms
[edit]- kita orang (nonstandard)
Related terms
[edit]- kita (inclusive of the person spoken to)
Descendants
[edit]- Indonesian: kami
See also
[edit]singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | standard | saya / ساي aku/ku- / اکو / كو- (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو (informal possessive) hamba / همبا (dated) |
kami / کامي (exclusive) kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive) kita / کيت (inclusive) |
royal | beta / بيتا | ||
2nd person | standard | kamu / کامو anda / اندا (formal) | |
engkau/kau- / اڠکاو/ كاو- (informal/towards God) awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو (possessive) |
awak semua / اوق سموا kamu semua / كامو سموا kalian / کالين (informal) kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal) | ||
royal | tuanku / توانكو | ||
3rd person | standard | dia / دي ia / اي beliau / بلياو (honorific) -nya / -ڽ (possessive) |
mereka / مريک dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal) |
royal | baginda / بݢيندا |
Further reading
[edit]- “kami” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mansaka
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]kami
- we (exclusive)
Maranao
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronoun
[edit]kami
- we (exclusive)
Musi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]kami
- we (exclusive); I and other(s) but not those I am addressing
- we: the speaker/writer alone. (This use of we is the editorial we, used by writers and others, including royalty—the royal we—as a less personal substitute for I. The reflexive case of this sense of we is ourself.)
- us (exclusive); me and other(s) but not those I am addressing
- our (exclusive); my and of other(s) but not of those I am addressing
- ours
Related terms
[edit]Ratagnon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronoun
[edit]kamí
- we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
Sakizaya
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]kami
- we (exclusive)
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamy, preserving the reflex of word-final */y/, which was lost in standard words kȃm and kȁmēn.
Noun
[edit]kami m (Cyrillic spelling ками)
References
[edit]- Skok, Petar (1972) “kami”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 2 (K – poni¹), Zagreb: JAZU, page 26
Tagalog
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- cami — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
- kmi — Internet and text messaging slang
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /kaˈmi/ [kɐˈmi], (colloquial) /kaˈme/ [kɐˈmɛ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification: ka‧mi
Pronoun
[edit]kamí (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)
- we; us (exclusive of the person spoken to)
- Nagtatrabaho kami sa isang kumpanya. Ikaw?
- We work at a company. You?
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Person | Number | Direct (ang) | Indirect (ng) | Oblique (sa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
First | singular | ako | ko | akin |
dual* | kita, kata | nita, nata, ta | kanita, kanata, ata | |
plural inclusive | tayo | natin | atin | |
plural exclusive | kami | namin | amin | |
First & Second | singular | kita** | ||
Second | singular | ikaw, ka | mo | iyo |
plural | kayo, kamo | ninyo, niyo | inyo | |
Third | singular | siya | niya | kaniya |
plural | sila | nila | kanila | |
* First person dual pronouns are not commonly used. ** Replaces "ko ikaw". |
Further reading
[edit]- “kami”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Anagrams
[edit]Tausug
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronoun
[edit]kamí
- we (exclusive)
West Albay Bikol
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronoun
[edit]kamí
- we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
Yogad
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronoun
[edit]kami
- we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
- English terms borrowed from Japanese
- English terms derived from Japanese
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English indeclinable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Religion
- en:Philosophy
- Aklanon terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Aklanon terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Aklanon lemmas
- Aklanon pronouns
- Alangan lemmas
- Alangan pronouns
- Amis terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Amis terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Amis lemmas
- Amis pronouns
- Bikol Central terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Bikol Central terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Bikol Central terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Bikol Central terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Bikol Central terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central pronouns
- Bikol Central terms with Basahan script
- Bikol Central terms with usage examples
- Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano pronouns
- Cebuano terms with Badlit script
- Cebuano terms borrowed from Giangan
- Cebuano terms derived from Giangan
- Cebuano nouns
- Davao Cebuano
- ceb:Laurel family plants
- ceb:Trees
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French terms spelled with K
- French masculine nouns
- Hiligaynon terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Hiligaynon terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Hiligaynon terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Hiligaynon terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Hiligaynon terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hiligaynon lemmas
- Hiligaynon pronouns
- Iban terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Iban terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Iban terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Iban terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Iban terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Iban terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Iban terms with IPA pronunciation
- Iban lemmas
- Iban pronouns
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian terms with audio links
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian pronouns
- Indonesian terms with usage examples
- Inonhan terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Inonhan terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Inonhan terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Inonhan terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Inonhan lemmas
- Inonhan pronouns
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/ami
- Rhymes:Malay/mi
- Rhymes:Malay/i
- Malay terms with audio links
- Malay lemmas
- Malay pronouns
- Mansaka lemmas
- Mansaka pronouns
- Maranao terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Maranao terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Maranao terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Maranao terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Maranao lemmas
- Maranao pronouns
- Musi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Musi lemmas
- Musi pronouns
- Ratagnon terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Ratagnon terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Ratagnon terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Ratagnon terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Ratagnon lemmas
- Ratagnon pronouns
- Sakizaya terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Sakizaya terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Sakizaya terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sakizaya lemmas
- Sakizaya pronouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Regional Serbo-Croatian
- Serbo-Croatian terms with obsolete senses
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tagalog terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Tagalog/i
- Rhymes:Tagalog/i/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog pronouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog terms with usage examples
- Tausug terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tausug terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tausug terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tausug terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tausug lemmas
- Tausug pronouns
- West Albay Bikol terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- West Albay Bikol terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- West Albay Bikol terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- West Albay Bikol terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- West Albay Bikol lemmas
- West Albay Bikol pronouns
- Yogad terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Yogad terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Yogad terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Yogad terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Yogad lemmas
- Yogad pronouns