Sylvie Kinigi
ụdịekere | nwanyị ![]() |
---|---|
mba o sị | Burundi ![]() |
Aha enyere | Sylvie ![]() |
aha ezinụlọ ya | Kinigi ![]() |
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 24 Novemba 1952 ![]() |
Ebe ọmụmụ | Bujumbura ![]() |
ọrụ ọ na-arụ | Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ![]() |
Ọkwá o ji | President of Burundi, Prime Minister of Burundi ![]() |
ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Université du Burundi ![]() |
onye otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị | Union for National Progress ![]() |
Sylvie Kinigi (amụrụ na 24 Nọvemba na afọ 1953) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Burundi na onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba nke jere ozi dị ka praịm minista nke Burundi site na 10 Julaị, na afọ 1993 ruo 7 Febụwarị na afọ 1994, na onye na'ọrụ onye isi ala site na Nọvemba, na afọ 1993 ruo 5 Febụwari, na afọ 1994, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị Afrịka nke abụọ jere ozi dị hi onye isi ala.
A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ Tutsi, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na ụlọ akụ na Mahadum Burundi na afọ 1979 na diplọma ọzọ na Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire na Paris. Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Kinigi nwere njikọ chiri anya na Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), naanị òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iwu kwadoro na Burundi n'oge ahụ, ọ bụkwa onye otu Union des Femmes Burundaises, obere otu UPRONA, na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu kọmitii etiti ya na afọ 1987. N'ọnọdụ ahụ, ọ gbara mbọ maka mgbanwe iwu na usoro gọọmentị iji baara ụmụ nwanyị uru. N'afọ 1990, ụlọ akụ nke Republic of Burundi were Kinigi n'ọrụ iji duzie ngalaba nyocha na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya, n'afọ sochirinụ, e mere ya onye na-ahụ maka mmemme mgbanwe nke Burundi.
Gọọmentị Kinigi nke gụnyere 15 n'ime ndị minista ọnụ ọgụgụ 22 mbụ mere ka ọnọdụ ahụ kwụsie ike na Bujumbura, isi obodo, mana o gosipụtara na ọ nweghị ike igbochi ime ihe ike agbụrụ n'ofe mba ahụ mgbe nnupụisi ahụ gasịrị, nke ọtụtụ puku mmadụ nwụrụ na ya. [1] [2] Òtù ndị Tutsi UPRONA siri ike enweghị obi ụtọ na omume ya tupu na karịsịa n'oge nsogbu ahụ. Banyere ọdịda ya ịga ememe ncheta ọnwụ nke onye isi UPRONA Louis Rwagasore na 13 Ọktoba, akwụkwọ akụkọ Panafrika dere, "maka praịm minista kwuru na ọ si Uprona, ịhapụ emume a bụ maka 'ihe akaebe' na Sylvie Kinigi esighị na Uprona. Ụfọdụ anaghị ala azụ ikwu na ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka nnupụisi nke ọnwa Ọktoba 21, ọ ga-anọ ugbu a na FRODEBU. " [1] Akwụkwọ akụkọ LānObservateur kwuru na "ọ bụghị UPRONA nyere ya iwu, na-ama naanị na ọ bụ praịm minista n'ihi Chineke na Ndadaye na FROdEBU, nwanyị mbụ ga-akpa àgwà n'oge nsogbu nke Ọktoba, na afọ 1993 dịka mmadụ ga-atụ anya. Ọ ga-anọghị ya kpamkpam ma mgbe ọ na-anwa ịbịa n'ihu, ọ bụ iji ike na-agbagha theses nke FRODEBU. " [1] Na 15 Nọvemba, o degara odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Organisation of African Unity akwụkwọ ozi, na-arịọ maka itinye aka ndị agha iji weghachite usoro na mba ahụ. Ndị agha na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide ya katọrọ nke a dị ka atụmatụ maka "nweghachi" nke Burundi. [1] N'ọnwa Disemba, gọọmentị ya họpụtara kọmitii nyocha nke onye ọka iwu ukwu duziri iji nyochaa mmebi ikike mmadụ nke mere mgbe nnupụisi ahụ gasịrị, mana ọrụ ya amaliteghị n'ihi mmegide sitere n'aka ndị omeiwu. [2]
Kinigi, nke ibu ọrụ idu ndú nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-etinye ya, chọrọ ime ka a họpụta onye isi ala ọhụrụ. [1] Na Jenụwarị 9, na afọ 1994, na ntụziaka ya, [2] Nzukọ Mba gbanwere Nkeji edemede 85 nke iwu Burundi, na-enye onwe ya ike ịhọrọ onye isi ala ọzọ nke Burundi.[1][1] Ụbọchị anọ ka e mesịrị, Nzukọ Mba ahụ họpụtara Ntaryamira ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ala na ntuli aka, 78 na otu.[2] E mere ndokwa ka a malite Ntaryamira na 22 Jenụwarị, mana ndị omeiwu na-emegide ya, nke UPRONA duziri, gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe iwu iji gbochie ego ahụ. Ha kwuru na Nkeji edemede 182 nke iwu ahụ, nke kwuru na enweghị ike ịgbanwe akwụkwọ ahụ n'oge nsogbu mba, mere ka ngbanwe nke National Assembly nke Nkeji edemedo 85 ghara ịdị irè. Ndị omeiwu FRODEBU kwuru na mgbanwe ahụ dị mkpa iji mejupụta oghere ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ịme ntuli aka mba iji dochie onye isi ala mbụ agaghị ekwe omume.[1] Ụlọikpe Iwu ahụ kpebiri na ọ kwadoro ndị mmegide na mkpebi nkewa agbụrụ. Ndị ọka ikpe Hutu mechara gbaa arụkwaghịm ma na 29 Jenụwarị gọọmentị Kinigi wepụtara iwu na-achụpụ ndị ọka ikpe Tutsi. [1] Nke a dugara n'ọtụtụ ụbọchị nke ime ihe ike na Bujumbura.[1][1] Site n'enyemaka nke onye nnọchi anya United Nations Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, Kinigi sooro ndị mmegide mee nkwekọrịta, [1] ebe a ga-etinye Ntaryamira dị ka onye isi ala na praịm minista ọhụrụ nke UPRONA, a ga-eweghachi Ụlọikpe Iwu.[3] A ṅụrụ Ntaryamira iyi na 5 Febụwarị.[1] Kinigi gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka praịm minista mgbe a malitere ya. [1] Na abalị 7, na ọnwa Febụwarị Ntaryamira họpụtara Anatole Kanyenkiko ka ọ nọchie ya. [2]
Kinigi bụ nwanyị nke abụọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi ala nke mba Afrịka, mgbe Carmen Pereira nke Guinea-Bissau, onye jikwa ọfịs ahụ n'ụzọ na-adịru nwa oge. [1] Echiche n'oge ya na gọọmentị kewara nke ukwuu. [2] Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Tutsi ya na ya dịkọrọ ndụ weere ya dị ka onye na-enweghị isi na mmetụta na-adịghị mma na mba ahụ, ebe Panafrika katọrọ ya dị ka "Madame Fiasco". [3] Ọ nọgidere na-akwanyere ndị otu FRODEBU ùgwù dị ukwuu. N'ịzaghachi nkatọ nke idu ndú ya, Marc Manirakiza dere, "Gịnị ka ọ gaara eme n'ihu ọnọdụ ọgba aghara a na-atụghị anya ya na nke a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ?" [1] N'ịtụgharị uche n'oge ya na gọọmentị na afọ 1999, Kinigi kwuru na ọ mere ka ndị mmadụ ghọta "na nwanyị nwere ike ime ihe karịrị nke nwoke nwere ike ime, na mkpụrụ obi nke nne na uche siri ike, na ọkwa kachasị elu nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. [2] Na-ejikọta ya na onye ya na oge ya na mba Rwanda, Agathe Uguyimana, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha na-achọ ka ha "na-achọ ịbịarute ha ike ịchọta esemokwu agbụrụ ha elu".
Ọrụ ndị e mere mgbe e mesịrị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbe ọ hapụrụ gọọmentị, Kinigi weghara ọkwa onye isi na Banque Commerciale du Burundi. O nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa mba ụwa, gụnyere ọrụ na United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations Development Programme (na-anọchiteanya ya na Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, na Senegal), na ọfịs nke UN Special Envoy maka Great Lakes Region na Nairobi, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye nhazi mmemme. Ọ laghachiri Burundi n'afọ 2008 wee bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ akụ na ụba n'onwe ya. [1] N'ọnọdụ ahụ, ọ kwadoro ikike ụmụ nwanyị nwere iketa ala na ihe onwunwe na maka iji ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. [2] N'afọ 2016, Carter Center họọrọ Kinigi iduzi ọrụ ya na-ahụ maka ntuli aka mba ụwa na Zambia maka ntuliaka nke afọ ahụ.[4]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị mbụ nwere ọfịs ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'Africa
Ebenside
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Burundi", Africa Report, March 1994, p. 7.
- ↑ "New President Elected", Africa Research Bulletin, January 1994.
- ↑ Waegenaere. "À la Mémoire de Cyprien Ntaryamira", Ijambo, April 1996. (in French)
- ↑ Mumba. "Former Burundi acting President to lead Carter team", Zambia Daily Mail, 4 August 2016. Retrieved on 31 May 2021.
Ọrụ ndị e depụtara
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- (1994) Amnesty International Report 1994. London: Amnesty International Publications. ISBN 978-0-86210-230-2.
- (1993) in Banks: Political Handbook of the World: 1993. New York: CQ Press. ISBN 9780933199095.
- Chrétien (2002). Burundi, la fracture identitaire: logiques de violence et certitudes ethniques, 1993–1996 (in French). Paris: Karthala Editions. ISBN 978-2-84586-318-7.
- (1994) Country Report: Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit.
- Giraudineau. "Burundi : La Démocratie Assassinée", Afrique Magazine, November 1993, pp. 24–30, 34. (in French)
- Hatungimana (2012). "Kinigi, Sylvie", in Akyeampong: Dictionary of African Biography. New York: Oxford University Press USA. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.
- Hoogensen (2006). Women in Power: World Leaders Since 1960. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-275-98190-7.
- Jansen (2008). Women Political Leaders: Breaking the Highest Glass Ceiling. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-61685-1.
- Krueger (2007). From Bloodshed to Hope in Burundi : Our Embassy Years During Genocide. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71486-1.
- (1994) in Legum: Africa Contemporary Record 1992–1994. New York: Africana Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0841905627.
- Skard (2014). Women of Power : Half a Century of Female Presidents and Prime Ministers Worldwide. Bristol: Policy Press. ISBN 978-1-4473-1578-0.
- Welz (2021). Africa since Decolonization: The History and Politics of a Diverse Continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-62894-5.
- (1993) Whitaker's Almanack : 1994, 126th, London: J. Whitaker & Sons. ISBN 978-0-85021-238-9.