Ziim

Ziim

biogenic substance type, class of anatomical entity

Subclass of	body fluid, animal product, biogenic substance, particular anatomical entity
Part of	circulatory system
Color	red, colorless, green
Studied in	hematology
Produced by	bone marrow
Has characteristic	blood type, blood pressure
NCI Thesaurus ID	C12434
Unicode character	🩸

Ziim anɛ niŋgbiʋŋ ku’okanɛ bɛ circulatory system humans ni, nɛ  vertebrates, ninsaalib bɛɛ bʋnvʋ sieba niŋgbiʋŋin pobidi giligid, ka tisid cells la, niŋgbina la nutrients nɛ oxegen, la’ad woo diib nɛ pɛbsim ka lɛn ziid la’abɛ’ɛd nami yisid cells la, niŋgbiʋŋ kan la ni.^[1]

Ziim anɛ niŋgbina bɛ blood plasma, ziim kanɛ pʋ mⴢr si’im la pʋʋgin. Plasma, an ziim kanɛ pʋ mⴢr si’im la anɛ 55% zi-ku’om, ka li tita’am an water, ku’om (ka zɛm nɛ 92% volume).^[2] Ka mⴢri protein, glucose, mineral ions nɛ hormones niŋgbiŋin la.   Niŋgbina la’ad la bɛ ziimin la si’im anɛ red blood cells, zi-zɛn’ɛug (erythrocytes), zi-pielig (leukocytes), ka bʋnvʋya banɛ (du’adi ba biis) ni an platelets (thrombocyte)^[3]

Zi-vʋya piela

zi-zɛn’ɛug la zu’oe hali.^[4] Bama mⴢr nɛ hemoglobin li pʋʋgin. Ka li sʋŋid nɛ ziid pɛbisim giligid niŋgbiŋ la wʋsa, ka paasidi li solubility,^[5] buor sʋŋa. ziim bʋnvʋr banε zu’oe anε  ziim bʋnvʋr zεn'ug la nε ziim bʋnvʋ pielig, Jawed vertebrates mͻri niŋgbinna bʋn gu'uda, adaptive immune system Ka white blood cells, ziim bʋnvʋ piela la la mⴢri li. Ziim bʋnvʋpiela la sʋŋidi zabid gʋ’ʋd bʋnvʋbanε kɛt ka ban’as gban'ad niŋgbiŋ la yisid. platelets an sʋm hali tis ziim kɔɔb, ziim gbisib zin'igin.

Ziim giinlia la kɛt ka ziim paad niŋgbiʋŋ la wʋsa, heart, sunsuf la ya’ pⴢm ziim la yis. Bʋnkⴢnbid banɛ mⴢri lungs, sⴢnfulinfuud nii arterial ziim la ziid oxegen, pɛbisim kanɛ vʋ’ʋsi kpɛn’ɛs la mⴢri paad niŋgbiŋin la ka venous ziim ziid carbon dioxide pɛbis bɛ’ɛd kanɛ naam nɛ niŋgbiŋ la metabolism tʋʋma ni, zaŋi  tis sⴢnfulinfuud la ka li vʋ’ʋsi yis. Ziim anɛ zian fiim li hemoglobin, zi-zɛn’ɛug la ya’ mⴢri oxegen ka an sabil-zian oxegen ya’ ka’ li ni. Deoxegenated.^{[6] [7]} 

laafi pian zut banɛ dⴢlisid nɛ ziim yɛla tita’am pin’ini nɛ hemo-, hemato-, haemo or haemoto- ka li  yi nɛ Greek pian’ad kaŋa…(haima) ka lin an “ziim”. Anatomy, nɛ histology pian zuti nɛɛ, ziim anɛ woo connective tissue,^[8] niŋgbina buudi yiuŋ banɛ tun’oe tⴢ’ⴢŋ taaba ka bɛnɛ kⴢnbani n aka nwi- baanlis la’am bɛ li ni an woo fibrinogen.  

Li tisid niŋgbina la pɛbisim, oxygen  (ka li anɛ hemoglobin bɛ niŋgbiʋŋ zɛn’ugin).

Tisid  niŋgbiʋŋ la diib bⴢ’ⴢg woo glucose, amino acids and fatty acids (linɛ buoe ziimin bɛɛ plasma protein ni (blood lipids)).

Li yisid la’abɛ’ɛd nam niŋgbiʋŋin la, woo carbon dioxide, nɛ lactic acid.

Niŋgbiʋŋ bɛ laafi tʋʋma ni, la’am nɛ white blood cells, zi-zɛn’ɛug giligid si’em, nɛ antibodies na baŋ bʋn sauŋ niŋgbiʋŋ la zin’igin.

Coagulation, li tiebid ziim giinl, li ya’ paam dɛŋ, li kɛt ka zi-kuod liebid gan’alʋg ka li sʋŋi guoe ziim kpa’ar niŋgbiʋŋin la.

Li di’esid tʋʋma tⴢlisid, la’am nɛ a zaŋ hormones n tⴢlis, ka lɛn pa’an niŋgbiʋŋ la lua bɛɛ zin’ig ka nɛ mⴢri dɛŋ.

Linɛ sʋ’oe ka body temperature, niŋgbiʋŋ la tʋʋlim zɛmis.

Hydraulic, niŋgbiʋŋ la kuom tisib tʋʋma.

Ziim tɛbisim niŋgbiʋŋ la ni kanl kɔbiga pʋʋgin na nwɛn wʋʋ 7%,^[9][10] ka li tɛbisim nɛ li paalʋ bɛn niŋgbiʋŋ la na wʋʋ 1060 kg/m3, li li’elnɛ hali wʋʋ ku’okanɛ an kasi pa’an tɛbisim nɛ paalʋ bɛn linɛ an 1000kg/m3 ^[11]. Kpɛɛmnam ziim bɛn tun’e mɔr w tɛbisim nɛ li paalʋ bɛn wʋʋ 5 litrees (11 us pt) or 1.3 galam nam^[10] linɛ an plasma la ka kɛ naamid ziim la’ad la. Ziim la’ad banɛ naam la pa’an ziim gʋn-gʋn bɛɛ li buudi linɛ an zi-pielig (leukocytes), nɛ ziim giinla linɛ an fragments ka ba buon ye platelets la^[12] nɛ linɛ an ziim yiib sʋŋʋr. Li paalʋ bɛn, zi-wiig la paalʋ bɛn na an wʋʋ 45% ziim la wʋsa pʋʋgin, ka plasma mɛ an wʋʋ 54.3%, ka ziim pielʋg la paalʋ bɛn mɛ na an wʋʋ 0.7%.

Zi-vʋya

Labaar linɛ bɛ tuon: ziim kanl bɛn

Zigal fiin yinnɛ ma’a tun’e mɔr wʋʋ:

·4.7 ti paae 6.1 million (dau). 4.2 ti paae 5.4 million (pu’a) erythrocytes:^[13] Zi-zɛn’ɛug la mⴢri ziim la hemoglobin ka pʋdigid oxegen. Zi-zɛn’ɛug kanɛ yuug pʋ mⴢri nucleus nɛ organelles bʋnvʋ banɛ duadi ba biisɛ. Zi-zɛn’ɛug la (la’am nɛ endothelial giinla nɛ la’asieba mɛ pa’al ye glycoproteins bɛɛ li ni, kanɛ pa’an blood types, ziim buudi wʋsa. Ziim la makir kanɛ ka zi-zɛn’ɛug bɛ la buonɛ hematocrit, ka zɛm nɛ 45%. Ninsaal niŋgbiʋŋ makir bɛn kanɛ ka zi-zɛn’ɛug bɛ la zɛmi nɛ woo mⴢⴢrim 2,000, li zu’oe zɛmi nɛ exterior surface, niŋgbiʋŋ la wʋsa.^[14]

.4000-11,000 leukocytes:^[15] zi-pielig paas nɛ niŋgbiʋŋ la immune system, laafi bɛllim yɛla. Ba sa’am mɛ ka yisid niŋgbina banɛ kʋdig la, bɛɛ banɛ pʋ bɛɛ ba bɛllim zin’iginɛ, ka sa’am (pathogens) linɛ na mⴢr wiim na tis niŋgbiʋŋ la, nɛ la’abanɛ pʋ sʋm ye li bɛ niŋgbiʋŋin la. Leukocytes cancer la buonɛ leukemia.

200,000-500,000 thrombocytes:^[15] ka mɛ buon platelets la, ba mɛ paas ziim gbisib, (coagulation) tʋʋma la ni. Fibrin nɛ yi ziim gbisibin la, ni maanɛ mesh ka li lus platelet plug la zugin.

.  

Zi-vʋya

Woo 55% ziim anɛ blood plasma, ku'or kanɛ ni ka ziim la bɛ,kanɛ ka li mɛŋ si’im an dⴢnbʋʋlʋm. Blood plasma la zɛmisim wʋsa anɛ 2.7-3.0 liters (2.8-3.2 quarts) saal wʋsa ni. Li anɛ aqueous kuod kanɛ mⴢri kuom 92%, plasma proteins 8% nɛ la’asieba mɛn ya’as. Plasma ziid diibi giligid niŋgbiʋŋ la ni, diban anɛ glucose, amino acids nɛ fatty acids (kanɛ  buoe ziimin bɛɛ n bɛ plasma protein ni), ka yisid la’abɛ’ɛdnamɛ woo carbon dioxide, urea, nɛ lactic acid.

La’abanɛ lɛn paasi an nimua anɛ:

1.    Serum albumin

2.   Gbisib (li kɛt ka ziim gbisid, coagulation)

3 li gu’ud niŋgbiʋŋ la ban’asin (antibodies)

4.  . lipoprotein tʋʋma

5.    li mⴢr proteins buudi bɛdigʋ

6.    . electrolytes buudi bɛdigʋ ( ba tita’am anɛ sodium nɛ chloride)

Pian zug, serum la gbin anɛ plasma kanɛ yi protein gbisib ni. Protein kanɛ kplim la tita’am anɛ albumin nɛ immunoglobulins.

Zɛɛm

Ziim, blood PH maalɛye li zi’e 7.35 ken paae 7.45 bɛn, kɛt ka li zɛmis nɛ basic (compensation).^[17][18] Kuod sieba banɛ bɛ ziimin ka mⴢri PH ka li pʋ paae 7.35 mⴢrɛ mi’isim, acidic galis, ka ziim PH kanɛ 7.45 mɛ ^[16]pʋ mⴢri paŋa, basic.^[16] PH kanɛ pʋ paae 6.9 bɛɛ gaad 7.8 mⴢri lethal saŋa wʋsa.^[16] Ziim PH, partial pressure of oxegen (pO), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO), nɛ bicarbonate (CHO) maalɛ sʋŋa nɛ homeostatic mechanisms nam, kɛt ka vʋ’ʋsim la’ad zin’igin nɛ dʋ’ʋnim la’ad zin’igin ka li zɛmisid mi’isim la nɛ vʋ’ʋʋsim la kanɛ buon compensation la. Arterial blood gas test ka ba mⴢri makidi ba yɛla. Plasma ziid hormones giligid, kɛt ka ka di paad tissue wʋsa. Ziim buudi wʋsa electrolytes reference ranges maanɛ niŋgbiʋŋ zin’ig wʋsa.    

Bʋnvʋya banɛ ka’ bʋnkɔnbid la ni bɛllim

Ninsaalib ziim mɛ anɛ yinnɛ nɛ bʋnkɔnbid ziim, amaa ka ba ziim-vʋya nam la kanl, bɛdim, protein bɛllim, nɛ linɛ nami kpɛlim lɛɛ bɛ kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb, bʋnkɔnbid la ni. Li ya’a anɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ ka’ bʋnkɔnbid la ni bɛllim, kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb bɛ li pʋʋgin hali^[19]

• Zi-vʋya wiid linɛ bɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ ka’ bʋnkɔnbid la ni la anɛ kpa’aa ka pʋ mɔr niŋgbiʋŋ zi’esim, ka mɛ pʋ mɔri ba zi-vʋya la zi’esimm.

• Banɛ taa anɛ kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb n bɛ gʋn-gʋn ka ka zi’imis wʋʋ zi-piela bʋnvʋya la; titʋʋnli, wʋʋ linɛ zɛɛm si’anam taa bɛ b ani pamm n gaad ninsaalib ni.
• Bʋnkɔnbid wʋsa nii, platelets anɛ linɛ bɛ li kɔn’ɔ nɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ ka’ bʋnkɔnbid la; nucleated bʋmbil, zi-vʋya suor linɛ buon ye thrombocytes linɛ tʋm n sʋŋidi gʋ’ʋd ziim kɔɔb. 

Ziim-giligir lua

Pian’azug: Ziim-giligir lua

Ziim zɔti giligid niŋgbiʋŋ la ka li dɔlnɛ ziim diinla linɛ pɔmpid ziim la n yit sunsunf la ni na. Ninsaalib nii, ziim la ɛɛnti pɔmnɛ yi dagɔbʋg sunsunf la baba n dɔl niŋgbaʋŋ sieba ni yina ka dɔl giinl sieba ni n fɛndigi lɛb sunsunf la datiʋŋ baba. Ani ka li yu’un tabili kpɛn’ datiʋŋ ventricle la ni ka ani ka li yu’un pɔmppii dɔl sɔnfulifuud la ni kpɛn’ sɔnfulifuud la ni ka fɛndigi dɔl sɔnfulifuud giinla la ni n lɛb dagɔbʋg dɔɔg la ni. Din nya’aŋ la ziim na lɛn lɛbi kpɛn’ dagɔbʋg dɔɔg la baba ka li lɛn si’iŋ giligir ya’as. Ziim linɛ buon arterial la ziid pɛbisim sʋŋ la yit pɛbisʋŋ linɛ bɛ yiʋŋ n tis niŋgniʋŋ bʋnvʋya wʋsa, ka ziim linɛ buon venous la mɛ ziid pɛbisbɛ’ɛd, la’abɛ’ɛdnam banɛ ka bʋnvʋya la naami ba, zii ba kpɛn’es sɔnfulifuud la ni ka o vʋ’ʋsi li bas yiʋŋ. La’amnɛ wala, linɛ bɛ li kɔn’ɔ sunsunf la giinla ni, linɛ mɔr pɛbisbɛ’ɛd-ziim n bɛ niŋgbiʋŋ la ni, amaa ka sɔnfulifuud la giinla lɛɛ mɔr ziim-pɛbisʋŋ. Li mɛ tɔn’ɔ tuli zɔti lɛbid ka li dɔlnɛ kɔnba ni giinla la ken si’em la zug, ba na nyaŋi din giinla la tabil taab ka tus ziim la dɔl linɛ mɔri li tʋm la ni ka li zɔo lɛb datiʋŋ dɔog la baba.

Li anɛ William Harvey Yʋʋma 1628 la ni ka o da pian’a bigis ziim kaarʋŋ la yɛla.^[20]

Zi-vʋya naamʋg nɛ li san’amʋg

Li ya’a anɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ ka’ bʋnkɔnbid la nii, ziim vʋya la naamidnɛ n bɛ kɔnba biim la ni ka lin dɔl suo-si’a tʋm la buonnɛ ye hematopoiesis, linɛ paasi li ni anɛ erythropoiesis, linɛ naamid zi-vʋya wiid la; nɛ myelopoiesis, linɛ mɛ naamid zi-vʋya piela la nɛ platelets nam. Biilim saŋa nii, ninsaal kɔnba wʋsa naamidnɛ zi-vʋya wiid la; ya’a anɛ kpɛɛmnamma,  zi-vʋya wiid la naamʋg pʋ zu’ogid kɔnba la bɛdigʋ nii: li ya’a anɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ ka’ bʋnkɔnbid la niŋgbina nii, ba bin’isa kɔnba la (sternum),

as adults, red blood cell production is limited to the larger bones: the bodies of the vertebrae, the breastbone (sternum), sapidi kɔnba baba la, nyu’ur tɛŋir baba kɔnba, nɛ kɔnba banɛ bɛ kpɛkpama zug nɛ nɔba. Linɛ lɛn paas ya’as, biilimin win, thymus gland la, bɛnɛ tɛnsʋg, li anɛ nimua babir zi’ekanɛ ka ti paamid T lymphocytes.^[21] bʋnvʋya banɛ gɔsid nimmalʋg ziim la (la’amnɛ nimmalʋg zi-vʋya banɛ gʋ’ʋd ziim kɔɔb la) naamidnɛ hali pamm n bɛ sɔɔnr la ni, ala mɛn ka kpinnim zi-vʋya la naamidnɛ bɛ endocrine bɛ zi’isi’a la, ka linɛ mɛ su’oe ku’om tʋʋma la anɛ hypothalamus ka ani ka sia-nini la yu’un gʋri li.

Erythrocytes nam banɛ mɔr laafi mɔr plasma vʋm linɛ wʋʋ dabisa 120 ka nyaan san’am, nɛ Kupffer zi-vʋya linɛ bɛ sɔɔnr la ni. Sɔɔnr la mɛ sʋŋidi yisid pɔn’ɔsim, kpaam, nɛ linɛ an zɛɛm. Sia-nini la mɛ sʋgidi yisid la’ayaalis n ken dʋ’ʋdim zi’ikin la.Ziim nwasim

Hemoglobin anε yεlkpan , dina  pa’an ziim la nwasim(hemochrome).  Molecule wʋsa mͻri heme pudigi anaasi, ka ba tʋʋm nε  taaba ka di kε ka molecules nam tiaki nwasim la. Ziim kanε ka pεbisim bε la nε zi-gil la an zεn’ug, pεbisim la paasidi zεn’ʋg la nwasim paŋ tis  heme pudigi la. Ziim kanε ka pεbisim ka’ la , anε sabil -zεn’ug; dina bεnεs gilla pʋʋgin, ka di nyεt saŋa ka ba yisid ziim bε ba nͻk ziim ti tεεs . Bͻzugͻ bugum kanε ka hemoglobin di’e la bε kͻn’ͻb kͻn’ͻb dina wεlig pibisim nε zisi’ela nε pεbisim nε ka’ zisi’ela.^[16]

1. ↑ "Definition of BLOOD". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
2. ↑ The Franklin Institute Inc. "Blood – The Human Heart". Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 19 March 2009.
3. ↑ https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/red-blood-cell
4. ↑ https://microbiologyinfo.com/blood-cells-types-functions/
5. ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17705-low-hemoglobin
6. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220702161612/https://www.thebloodproject.com/did-you-know-13/
7. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220702161612/https://www.thebloodproject.com/did-you-know-13/
8. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20230426075102/https://books.google.com/books?id=cRayoldYrcUC&pg=PA67
9. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20180327160412/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26919/table/A4143/
10. ↑ ^{10.0 10.1} http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1998/LanNaLee.shtml
11. ↑ http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2004/MichaelShmukler.shtml
12. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20201016211542/https://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/leukemia/anatomy/composition.html
13. ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003644.htm#Normal%20Values
14. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8053-7211-3
15. ↑ ^{15.0 15.1} https://archive.org/details/reviewmedicalphy00gano
16. ↑ ^{16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4} https://web.archive.org/web/20020105184047/http://omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/hemoglobin/
17. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-10102-1
18. ↑ http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec12/ch157/ch157a.html
19. ↑ https://archive.org/details/vertebratebody0000rome_a5a9/page/404/mode/2up
20. ↑ http://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/hvyexc/index.html
21. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-02588-4