Peletakan Senjata 11 November 1918
![black and white photograph of five men in military uniforms standing side-to-m right, seen outside his railway carriage No. 2419 D in the forest of Compiègne.](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Armisticetrain_%28slight_crop%29.jpg/220px-Armisticetrain_%28slight_crop%29.jpg)
Peletakan senjata 11 November 1918 adalah peletakan senjata yang menamatkan pertempuran di darat, laut dan udara dalam Perang Dunia I di antara Pihak Bersekutu dan lawan mereka, Empayar Jerman. Peletakan senjata sebelumnya telah dipersetujui bersama Kerajaan Beraja Bulgaria, Empayar Uthmaniyah dan Empayar Austria-Hungary. Juga dikenali sebagai Peletakan Senjata Compiègne daripada tempat dimana ia telah ditandatangani pada jam 5:45 a.m. di Hutan Compiègne oleh Marsyal Foch Perancis,[1] ia berkuatkuasa pada jam 11 a.m. waktu Paris pada 11 November 1918 ("pukul sebelas hari kesebelas bulan sebelas") dan menandakan kemenangan bagi pihak Sekutu dan kekalahan bagi pihak Jerman, walaupun tidak menyerahkalah secara rasmi.
Syarat-syarat sebenar, sebahagian besarnya ditulis oleh Pemerintah Tertinggi Bersekutu, Marsyal Ferdinand Foch, ialah pemberhentian permusuhan, pengunduran tentera Jerman ke belakang Sungai Rhine, pendudukan Bersekutu ke atas Rhineland dan pangkalan terdepan yang jauh ke timur, pemeliharaan infrastruktur, penyerahan pesawat udara, kapal perang, dan materiel tentera, pembebasan tawanan perang Bersekutu dan orang awam yang ditahan, bayaran pampasan, tiada pembebasan tawanan Jerman dan tiada kelonggaran sekatan tentera laut Jerman.
Walaupun peletakan senjata menamatkan perang, ia perlu dilanjutkan sebanyak tiga kali sehingga Perjanjian Versailles, yang telah ditandatangani pada 28 Jun 1919, berkuatkuasa pada 10 Januari 1920.
![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Armistice_18_novembre_1918.jpg/220px-Armistice_18_novembre_1918.jpg)
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nota informasi
Petikan
- ^ "Armistice: The End of World War I,1918". EyeWitness to History. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 26 November 2018. Dicapai pada 26 November 2018.
Bibliografi
- Axelrod, Alan (2018). How America Won World War I. Rowman & Littlefield.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Breck, Edward (1922). The United States naval railway batteries in France. Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Records and Library. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Czernin, Ferdinand (1964). Versailles, 1919. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Haffner, Sebastian (2002). Die deutsche Revolution 1918/19 [The German Revolution 1918/19] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Kindler. ISBN 978-3-463-40423-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Edmonds, James Edward; Bayliss, Gwyn M. (1987) [1944]. Bayliss, Gwyn M (penyunting). The Occupation of the Rhineland 1918–29. History of the Great War. London: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-290454-0. OCLC 59076445.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Leonhard, Jörn (2014). Die Büchse der Pandora: Geschichte des Ersten Weltkriegs [Pandora's Box : History of the First World War] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-66191-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Morrow, Jr., John H. (2005). The Great War: An Imperial History. Psychology Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Persico, Joseph E. (2005). 11th Month, 11th Day, 11th Hour (ed. illustrated, reprint). London: Random House. ISBN 978-0-09-944539-5. OCLC 224671506.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Rudin, Harry Rudolph (1967). Armistice, 1918. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Shirer, William Lawrence (1960). The rise and fall of the Third Reich: a history of Nazi Germany. Simon and Schuster.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Theodosiou, Christina (2010). "Symbolic narratives and the legacy of the Great War: the celebration of Armistice Day in France in the 1920s". First World War Studies. 1 (2): 185–198. doi:10.1080/19475020.2010.517439. ISSN 1947-5020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bacaan lanjut
- Best, Nicholas (2009). The Greatest Day in History: How, on the Eleventh Hour of the Eleventh Day of the Eleventh Month, the First World War Finally Came to an End. New York City: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-772-0. OCLC 191926322. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
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(bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Brook-Shepherd, Gordon (1981). November 1918: the last act of the Great War. Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-216558-7. OCLC 8387384.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Halperin, S. William (March 1971). "Anatomy of an Armistice". The Journal of Modern History. 43 (1): 107–112. doi:10.1086/240590. ISSN 0022-2801. OCLC 263589299.
- Kennedy, Kate, and Trudi Tate, eds. The Silent Morning: Culture and Memory After the Armistice (2013); 14 essays by scholars regarding literature, music, art history and military history table of contents
- Lowry, Bullitt, Armistice, 1918 (Kent State University Press, 1996) 245pp
- Weintraub, Stanley. A stillness heard round the world: the end of the Great War (1987)
Pautan luar
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Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Peletakan Senjata 11 November 1918 |
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Wikisumber bahasa Melayu mempunyai teks asal berkaitan rencana ini: |
- La convention d'armistice du 11 novembre 1918 The Armistice agreement (in French – link updated, accessed 13 February 2014)
- The Armistice Demands, translated into English from German Government statement The World War I Document Archive, Brigham Young University Library, accessed 27 July 2006
- Waffenstillstandsbedingungen der Alliierten Compiègne, 11. November 1918 (German text of the Armistice, abbreviated)
- Watch six online National Film Board of Canada documentaries about the Armistice
- Map of Europe on Armistice Day Diarkibkan 2012-04-14 di Wayback Machine at omniatlas.com
- European newspapers from 12 November 1918 – The European Library
Templat:Perang Dunia I Koordinat: 49°25′39″N 2°54′23″E / 49.4275°N 2.906389°E