Pertempuran Mosul (2016–17)
![]() | Rencana ini mungkin terlalu panjang untuk membaca dan melayari dengan selesa. (May 2017) |
Pertempuran Mosul (2016–kini) | |||||||||
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Sebahagian daripada Perang Saudara Iraq (2014–kini) dan Campur tangan Amerika di Iraq | |||||||||
![]() Peta situasi di Mosul, setakat 14 Jun 2017 Dikawal kerajaan Iraq Dikawal ISIL Dikawal Peshmerga | |||||||||
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Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||||
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Komandan dan pemimpin | |||||||||
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![]() (pemimpin ISIL) ![]() (Menteri Media ISIL) ![]() ![]() (a.k.a Abu Ayoub al-Attar; Mufti ISIL) ![]() (Pemimpin Majlis Perang ISIL) ![]() ![]() (Komander tentera ISIL di Mosul)[23] ![]() (ISIL's Head of the Administrative Affairs in Nineveh and Raqqa) ![]() (Penolong pemimpin timur Mosul ISIL) ![]() (Local wali of ISIL) ![]() (Gabenor Tal Afar ISIL) ![]() (ISIL Emir of Tal Afar) ![]() (a.k.a Abu Monzer Al-Urdoni; Education Department head) ![]() (Senior commander) ![]() ![]() (Top field commander) ![]() (Commander of the special security forces) ![]() (Commander of Bashiqa) ![]() (Operations official) ![]() (pemimpin kanan) ![]() (a.k.a. Sheikh Faris; senior commander) ![]() (pemimpin bom berani mati kenderaan ISIL) ![]() (ISIL financial facilitator) ![]() (ISIL executioner) ![]() (a.k.a. Abu Aesha; ISIL foreigners recruiter) ![]() (pemimpin penting) ![]() (Prominent explosives expert) ![]() (komander tentera; lari dari tugas) ![]() (komander tentera; lari dari tugas) ![]() (Pegawai tentera ISIL di Kegabenoran Nineveh) ![]() (Pegawai kewangan ISIL di Kegabenoran Nineveh) ![]() (ISIL's military planning official) ![]() (ISIL's petroleum supplies official) ![]() (ISIL's intelligence affairs official) ![]() (ISIL's education official) ![]() (Menteri Kesihatan ISIL) ![]() (Emir Kesihatan di Wilayah al Sham ISIL) ![]() (pegawai bahan kimia ISIL) ![]() (Menteri Kesihatan Kota Lama Mosul ISIL) | ||||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||||
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4,500–12,000 militan (1,000 warga asing)[53][54][55] 1,000+ (sehingga 5 Mei)[56] | ||||||||
Kerugian dan korban | |||||||||
![]() ![]() (dakwaan ISIL)[63] |
2,000+ terbunuh atau cedera (dakwaan A.S.)[64] 2,000 mati (mengikut pekerja rumah mayat)[65] 8,622–9,622+ terbunuh (dakwaan Iraq)[66][67][68] | ||||||||
1,000+ orang awam terbunuh (Oktober–November)[69] 417,438 (per IOM)[73][74] 670,000 (per Iraq)[75] 860,000 (per UN)[76][77] |
Pertempuran Mosul (Arab: معركة الموصل ; Central Kurdish: شەڕی مووسڵ ) adalah sebuah operasi serangan bersama oleh tentera kerajaan Iraq dan militia bersekutu, Kerajaan Wilayah Kurdistan, dan pasukan tentera antarabangsa untuk merampas semula kota Mosul daripada Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant (ISIL)[78][79][80] yang mana telah menawan kota Mosul pada bulan Jun 2014.[81] Campur tangan ketenteraan menentang ISIL yang dilaksanakan termasuk beberapa percubaan serangan ke atas Mosul pada tahun 2015 dan 2016 untuk menawan semula kota ini.
Serangan ini yang diwar-warkan sebagai Operasi "Kami Datang, Nineveh" (قادمون يا نينوى ; Qadimun Ya Naynawa),[82][83] bermula pada 16 Oktober 2016, dengan pasukan tentera mengepung kawasan-kawasan dikawal oleh ISIL dalam Kegabenoran Nineveh yang mengelilingi Mosul,[84][85][86] dan berlanjutan dengan tentera Iraq dan pejuang Peshmerga bertempur dengan ISIL di tiga perbatasan di luar Mosul, dari sebuah kampung ke kampung lain di kawasan sekeliling dalam aturgerak tentera Iraq terbesar sejak serangan ke atas Iraq 2003.[87]
Waktu fajar pada 1 November 2016, Pasukan Operasi Khas Iraq memasuki kota dari arah timur.[88] Mereka menghadapi tentangan hebat, kemaraan tentera kerajaan diperlahankan oleh pergerakkan yang berhati-hati dan kehadiran orang awam,[89] tetapi Perdana Menteri Iraq mengistiharkan "pembebasan penuh bahagian timur Mosul" pada 24 Januari 2017.[90] Tentera Iraq memulakan serangan mereka untuk menawan semula barat Mosul pada 19 Februari 2017.[91]
Pertempuran Mosul berjalan serentak dengan Pertempuran Sirte (2016) di Libya, dan Kempen Raqqa yang dilaksanakan oleh Tentera Demokratik Syria (SDF) menentang ibu kota dan kubu kuat ISIL di Syria.[92]
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Pertempuran Aleppo (2012–2016)
- Pengepungan Deir ez-Zor (2014–kini)
- Pengepungan Kobanî
- Serangan Tell Abyad
- Pertempuran Ramadi (2015–16)
- Serangan Dataran Nineveh
- Pertempuran al-Bab
- Serangan Palmyra (Disember 2016)
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c d "Mosul offensive: forces launch mass attack on Iraqi city in bid to oust Isis". The Guardian. 17 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "Canadian troops supporting Kurds in fight to free Mosul from ISIS". CBC News. 17 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 17 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "Australia to have role in battle for Mosul". Sky News Australia. 17 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 17 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "Germany 'will take part in the battle for Mosul'". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed (The New Arab). Dicapai pada 18 Oktober 2016.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaaj1023
- ^ "What role is Iran playing in the Mosul offensive?". Christian Science Monitor. 29 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 5 November 2016.
- ^ a b David Daoud (5 November 2016). "Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul". The Long War Journal. Dicapai pada 5 November 2016.
- ^ a b "تحرير الموصل.. جيش النقشبندية ينفي اشتباك البشمركة مع "داعش"" (dalam bahasa Arabic).CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Iraqi forces secure eastern Mosul from Islamic State". USA Today. Dicapai pada 24 Januari 2017.
- ^ "Mosul offensive: Federal Police forces liberate 61 villages and 1400 square kilometers". iraqinews.com. 30 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 1 November 2016.
- ^ "Battle for Mosul intensifies as Shiite militias join fray". usatoday.com. Dicapai pada 1 November 2016.
- ^ "Joint Forces Continue to Advance, Liberating More Areas in Mosul". BasNews. Dicapai pada 4 Disember 2016.
- ^ "Mohamad Rasul al Allah opeartion area in South of Mosul". ISIS – ISIL map, map of war in Syria, Iraq, Libya – Daesh map – Mosul operation – isis.liveuamap.com.
- ^ "Iraqi troops capture largest neighborhood in western Mosul".
- ^ "Iraqi commander killed in western Mosul". Iraqi News. 19 Mei 2017.
- ^ "Army commander killed during battles in Mosul". Iraqi News. 15 April 2017.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamamultiple fronts
- ^ "Mattis Confers With Kurdistan Regional Government President". United States Department of Defense. 18 Februari 2017.
- ^ "Iraqi airstrike kills ISIS Media Minister in Mosul".
- ^ "IS Mufti Killed in Western Mosul". Iraqi News. 14 April 2017.
- ^ "Senior Isis mufti killed in Mosul airstrike, Iraqi forces claim". International Business Times UK. 15 April 2017.
- ^ "Unknown individuals attack house of IS leader in Mosul". Iraqi News.
- ^ "Iraqi forces advance from north ahead of 'extremely violent' fight". al-monitor.com. 29 Mei 2017. Dicapai pada 22 Jun 2017.
- ^ "Islamic State head of administrative affairs in Nineveh, Raqqa, killed in western Mosul". Iraqi News. 21 Mei 2017.
- ^ "Interior Ministry: Assistant of IS Official arrested in eastern Mosul". Iraqi News. 8 April 2017.
- ^ "ISIS leader among militants killed in Mosul district".
- ^ "Two IS mayors killed in army operations in western Mosul". Iraqi News. 9 April 2017.
- ^ "Baghdadi appoints teacher as Islamic State's new Emir in Tal Afar". Iraqi News. 29 Disember 2016. Dicapai pada 29 Disember 2016.
- ^ "Kurdistan Security Council announces death of senior IS member in Mosul". Kurdistan 24. 31 Mei 2017.
- ^ "Airstrike kills senior ISIS leader killed in Tel al-Sheer village, Nineveh". Iraqi News. 20 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 21 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "Iraq: Top Field Commander of ISIL Killed in Mosul". Fars News. 16 April 2017.
- ^ "Report: ISIS 'Rambo' killed in battle south of Mosul". Jerusalem Post. 27 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 29 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "Turkish and Kurdish soldiers join forces to gain advantage in Mosul push". The Guardian.
- ^ "Senior ISIS official killed in al-Shallalat district of Mosul". Iraqi News. 1 November 2016. Dicapai pada 2 November 2016.
- ^ "ISIS leader reported dead in Mosul; Kurdish official says residents rising up". Rudaw Media Network. 6 November 2016. Dicapai pada 6 November 2016.
- ^ McKirdy, Euan; Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Formanek, Ingrid (11 November 2016). "Sources: Top ISIS commander killed in Mosul". CNN. Dicapai pada 11 November 2016.
- ^ "U.S.-Led Coalition Airstrikes Eliminate Key ISIL Leaders in Syria, Iraq". Us Department of Defense. Dicapai pada 4 Januari 2017.
- ^ "Islamic State's "women executioner" assassinated in western Mosul". Iraqi News.
- ^ "Islamic State foreigners recruiter killed in airstrike in western Mosul". Iraqi News. 23 Januari 2017.
- ^ "IS Leader Responsible for Preparing Suicide Bombers Killed in Mosul". Basnews English. 27 Mei 2017.
- ^ "Prominent IS booby trapping expert, four others killed in Western Mosul". Iraqi News. 26 Mac 2017.
- ^ a b Ralat petik: Tag
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tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaTunisiancommanders
- ^ a b c d Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaIFP
- ^ "IS military planning official, six others killed, west of Mosul". Iraqi News. 24 April 2017.
- ^ "Police: Islamic State petroleum official killed with 11 others in western Mosul". Iraqi News. 7 April 2017.
- ^ "IS 'education official' killed in coalition airstrike, western Mosul". Iraqi News. 23 April 2017.
- ^ "Federal Police kills IS Chemicals Official in Mosul". Iraqi News. 20 April 2017.
- ^ "Islamic State's "health minister" killed in Mosul's Old City: police". Iraqi News. 29 Mac 2017.
- ^ a b c Walsh, Nick Paton; Blau, Max; Park, Madison; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (17 Oktober 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'". CNN. Dicapai pada 17 Oktober 2016.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
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tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaptv
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
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tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaMosul battle forces
- ^ "Iraq launches offensive on ISIL in Anbar province". The National.
- ^ "Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée". Le Monde (dalam bahasa Perancis). 17 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 17 Oktober 2016.
- ^ Analyst, Peter Bergen, CNN National Security. "ISIS leaders may flee Mosul as their ranks are decimated". cnn.com. Dicapai pada 27 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "Over 12,000 ISIS militants fighting for Mosul". Aranews. 27 Jun 2016.
- ^ a b "Mosul offensive: Iraqi army launches 'final push' as army attacks Isil from north-west". The Telegraph.
- ^ "Iraqi forces in Mosul see deadliest urban combat since World War II".
- ^ "IS trickling out of Mosul as losses mount: US general". AFP. Dicapai pada 27 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "Blast kills U.S. service member outside Mosul, Pentagon says". CBS News. 29 April 2017.
- ^ "First US Service Member Killed In Mosul Offensive". Military.com. 20 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 20 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "Iranian sniper embedded in Iraqi militia killed near Mosul – FDD's Long War Journal".
- ^ "Iraq says Iranian commander killed fighting IS". ABC News. 27 Mei 2017.
- ^ n. "Mosul Ops: ISIL claims 9,000 Iraqi soldiers killed in six months".
- ^ "US says 2,000 IS fighters killed, gravely wounded in Mosul". Yahoo News. Dicapai pada 11 Disember 2016.
- ^ Foundation, Thomson Reuters. "Packed Iraq morgue reveals toll of Mosul conflict".
- ^ "Islamic State leader Baghdadi abandons Mosul fight to field commanders, U.S. and Iraqi sources say". 8 Mac 2017 – melalui Reuters.
- ^ "Car bombs Target Civilians in Mosul; 25 Killed in Iraq". Antiwar.com.
- ^ "Iraqi forces fight to break through ISIS' last five defenses in Mosul". Rudaw. 21 Mei 2017. Dicapai pada 21 Mei 2017.
- ^ months, UN. "Thousands killed since Iraq launched Mosul assault". Dicapai pada 2 Disember 2016.
- ^ "4,000 Iraqi civilians killed in Western Mosul campaign: Army source". Anadolu Agency.
- ^ "4,000 civilians reportedly killed in West Mosul operation".
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamajournalists
- ^ "Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)". International Organisation For Migration. Dicapai pada 18 Jun 2017.
- ^ "Mosul Iraq Situation Flash Update" (PDF). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 6 November 2016. Dicapai pada 7 November 2016.
- ^ "Minister: Mosul refugees numbers at 670,000". Iraqi News. 17 Mei 2017.
- ^ "UN believes up to 150,000 civilians are trapped in Mosul". Chicago Tribune. 17 Jun 2017.[pautan mati kekal]
- ^ "Battle for Mosul: United Nations says 200,000 civilians in grave danger as conflict draws to close". Firstpost. 29 Mei 2017.
- ^ Dunford, Daniel (15 Oktober 2016). "Battle for Mosul: UN prepares for aftermath 'chaos'". BBC News. Dicapai pada 15 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "The Coming Battle for Mosul". The New York Times. 14 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 15 Oktober 2016.
- ^ von Hein, Matthias (14 Oktober 2016). "Interview: Battle for Mosul likely to lead to power struggle". Deutsche Welle. Dicapai pada 15 Oktober 2016.
- ^ Yan, Holly; Muaddi, Nadeem (17 Oktober 2016). "Why the battle for Mosul matters in the fight against ISIS". CNN. Dicapai pada 17 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى" أمن". Al Sumaria. 17 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 21 Oktober 2016.
- ^ Winter, Charlie (20 Oktober 2016). "How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle". The Atlantic. Dicapai pada 21 Oktober 2016.
- ^ Haddad, Tareq (16 Oktober 2016). "'US military has started shelling Mosul' says Peshmerga commander". International Business Times. Dicapai pada 17 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "Battle for Mosul: Iraq and Kurdish troops make gains". BBC News. 17 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 17 Oktober 2016.
- ^ Blau, Max; Park, Madison; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (17 Oktober 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces close in". CNN. Dicapai pada 17 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "What is the battle for Mosul? Everything you need to know about the fight to liberate Isil's last bastion of power in Iraq". The Daily Telegraph. 17 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 17 Oktober 2016.
- ^ "Iraqi Troops Launch Ground Assault On Eastern Neighborhood Of Mosul". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 1 November 2016. Dicapai pada 1 November 2016.
- ^ "Iraqi forces say IS defences, civilians hamper Mosul advance" (dalam bahasa Inggeris). ABC News Australia. 6 November 2016. Dicapai pada 6 November 2016.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaEastern Mosul liberated
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
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tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaCNNwestmosul
- ^ "This is why everything you've read about the wars in Syria and Iraq could be wrong". The Independent. 2 Disember 2016.
Pautan luar
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Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Pertempuran Mosul (2016–17) |
- Interactive Syria and Iraq map with current Mosul situation
- ISIS Map
- CNN report – 28 hours: Leading the Mosul attack, under fire then trapped
- Map of all liberated Mosul city districts – with timeline notes attached for each district, published by Google Maps
- Rencana yang mungkin terlalu panjang dari May 2017
- Guna tarikh dmy dari December 2016
- Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Sorani Kurdish
- Pertempuran melibatkan Kanada
- Konflik pada 2016
- Konflik pada 2017
- Sejarah Mosul
- Operasi ketenteraan dalam Perang Saudara Iraq pada 2016
- Operasi ketenteraan dalam Perang Saudara Iraq melibatkan Australia
- Operasi ketenteraan dalam Perang Saudara Iraq melibatkan Kanada
- Operasi ketenteraan dalam Perang Saudara Iraq melibatkan Kurdistan
- Operasi ketenteraan dalam Perang Saudara Iraq melibatkan Kerajaan Iraq
- Operasi ketenteraan dalam Perang Saudara Iraq melibatkan Negara Islam di Iraq dan Levant
- Operasi ketenteraan dalam Perang Saudara Iraq melibatkan Peshmerga
- Operasi ketenteraan dalam Perang Saudara Iraq melibatkan Amerika Syarikat