ڪتاب المناظر
 Cover page for Ibn al-Haytham's Book of Optics in the print edition from 1572[1] | |
| مصنف | Ibn al-Haytham |
|---|---|
| اصل عنوان | كتاب المناظر |
| ٻولي | Arabic |
| ڇاپي جي تاريخ | 1011 to 1021 |
ڪتاب المناظر (The Book of Optics؛ عربي: كتاب المناظر؛ لاطيني: De Aspectibus or Perspectiva؛ اطالوي: Deli Aspecti) ھڪ ستن جلدن تي مشتمل مقالو آھي جيڪو بصريات ۽ مطالعي جي ٻين شعبن تي مشتمل آھي جيڪو قرون وسطيٰ جي عرب عالم ابن الھيثم، جنهن کي اولهه ۾ الهازن يا الهاسن (965ع - 1040ع) جي نالي سان سڃاتو وڃي ٿو، پاران ترتيب ڏنل آھي.
The Book of Optics (عربي ٻولي: كتاب المناظر; لاطيني ٻولي: De Aspectibus or Perspectiva; سانچو:Lang-it) is a seven-volume treatise on optics and other fields of study composed by the medieval Arab scholar Ibn al-Haytham, known in the West as Alhazen or Alhacen (965–c. 1040 AD).
The Book of Optics presented experimentally founded arguments against the widely held extramission theory of vision (as held by Euclid in his Optica), and proposed the modern intromission theory, the now accepted model that vision takes place by light entering the eye.[2]:60–7.[3][4][lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] The book is also noted for its early use of the scientific method, its description of the camera obscura, and its formulation of Alhazen's problem. The book extensively affected the development of optics, physics and mathematics in Europe between the 13th and 17th centuries.[5]
حوالا
[سنواريو]- ↑ Friedrich Risner, publ. 1572. Opticae Thesaurus: Alhazeni Arabis Libri Septem Nunc Primum Editi, Eiusdem Liber De Crepusculis Et Nubium Asensionibus . Item Vitellonis Thuringopoloni Libri X. e-rara link. See Sabra, the authorship of Liber de crepusculis
- ↑ D. C. Lindberg (1976), Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler, Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press ISBN 0-226-48234-0
- ↑ Nader El-Bizri, 'A Philosophical Perspective on Alhazen's Optics', Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 15 (2005), 189–218
- ↑ Alhacen (2001). Smith, A. Mark. ed. Alhacen's Theory of Visual Perception: A Critical Edition, with English Translation and Commentary, of the First Three Books of Alhacen's "De Aspectibus", the Medieval Latin Version of Ibn al-Haytham's "Kitāb al-Manāẓir". Vol. 1: Introduction and Latin text; Vol. 2: English translation. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-914-1. OCLC 47168716.
- ↑ (Smith 2001, p. lxxix)
حوالي جي چڪ: "lower-alpha" نالي جي حوالن جي لاءِ ٽيگ <ref> آهن، پر لاڳاپيل ٽيگ <references group="lower-alpha"/> نہ مليو