API:Možnosti
![]() | Tato stránka je součástí dokumentace k API Action MediaWiki. |
Verze MediaWiki: | ≥ 1.20 |
Požadavek POST pro změnu předvoleb aktuálního uživatele.
Dokumentace API
Příklad
Vytvoření jakéhokoli požadavku POST je proces složený z několika kroků:
- Přihlaste se jedním ze způsobů popsaných na API:Přihlášení .
- Získejte Úprava tokenů .
- Odešlete požadavek POST s tokenem CSRF, abyste provedli akci na stránce.
Níže uvedený ukázkový kód podrobně pokrývá poslední krok.
Požadavek POST
V tomto příkladu jsou z důvodu jednoduchosti předány všechny parametry v požadavku GET. action=options však vyžaduje požadavky POST. Požadavky GET způsobí chybu.
Změna tří možností
api.php?action=options&token=58b54e0bab4a1d3fd3f7653af38e75cb%2B\&change=hideminor=1|skin=vector&optionname=nickname&optionvalue=custom-signa|ture [zkuste v ApiSandbox]
Výsledek |
---|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<api options="success" />
|
Odpověď
{
"options": "success"
}
Ukázkový kód
Python
#!/usr/bin/python3
"""
change_user_options.py
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `Options` module: POST request to change three options
for current user
MIT license
"""
import requests
S = requests.Session()
URL = "https://test.wikipedia.org/w/api.php"
# Step 1: GET request to fetch login token
PARAMS_0 = {
"action": "query",
"meta": "tokens",
"type": "login",
"format": "json"
}
R = S.get(url=URL, params=PARAMS_0)
DATA = R.json()
LOGIN_TOKEN = DATA['query']['tokens']['logintoken']
# Step 2: POST request to log in. Use of main account for login is not
# supported. Obtain credentials via Special:BotPasswords
# (https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:BotPasswords) for lgname & lgpassword
PARAMS_1 = {
"action": "login",
"lgname": "bot_user_name",
"lgpassword": "bot_password",
"lgtoken": LOGIN_TOKEN,
"format": "json"
}
R = S.post(URL, data=PARAMS_1)
# Step 3: GET request to fetch CSRF token
PARAMS_2 = {
"action": "query",
"meta": "tokens",
"format": "json"
}
R = S.get(url=URL, params=PARAMS_2)
DATA = R.json()
CSRF_TOKEN = DATA['query']['tokens']['csrftoken']
# Step 4: POST request to change user options
# You can check out the large list of options you can change
# at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:Options
PARAMS_3 = {
"action": "options",
"format": "json",
"token": CSRF_TOKEN,
"change": "language=en|skin=vector",
"optionname": "nickname",
"optionvalue": "custom-signa|ture"
}
R = S.post(URL, data=PARAMS_3)
DATA = R.json()
print(DATA)
PHP
<?php
/*
change_user_options.php
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `Options` module: POST request to change three options
for current user
MIT license
*/
$endPoint = "https://test.wikipedia.org/w/api.php";
$login_Token = getLoginToken(); // Step 1
loginRequest( $login_Token ); // Step 2
$csrf_Token = getCSRFToken(); // Step 3
change_options( $csrf_Token ); // Step 4
// Step 1: GET request to fetch login token
function getLoginToken() {
global $endPoint;
$params1 = [
"action" => "query",
"meta" => "tokens",
"type" => "login",
"format" => "json"
];
$url = $endPoint . "?" . http_build_query( $params1 );
$ch = curl_init( $url );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookie.txt" );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookie.txt" );
$output = curl_exec( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
$result = json_decode( $output, true );
return $result["query"]["tokens"]["logintoken"];
}
// Step 2: POST request to log in. Use of main account for login is not
// supported. Obtain credentials via Special:BotPasswords
// (https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:BotPasswords) for lgname & lgpassword
function loginRequest( $logintoken ) {
global $endPoint;
$params2 = [
"action" => "login",
"lgname" => "bot_user_name",
"lgpassword" => "bot_password",
"lgtoken" => $logintoken,
"format" => "json"
];
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $endPoint );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POST, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query( $params2 ) );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookie.txt" );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookie.txt" );
$output = curl_exec( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
}
// Step 3: GET request to fetch CSRF token
function getCSRFToken() {
global $endPoint;
$params3 = [
"action" => "query",
"meta" => "tokens",
"format" => "json"
];
$url = $endPoint . "?" . http_build_query( $params3 );
$ch = curl_init( $url );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookie.txt" );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookie.txt" );
$output = curl_exec( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
$result = json_decode( $output, true );
return $result["query"]["tokens"]["csrftoken"];
}
// Step 4: POST request to edit a page
function change_options( $csrftoken ) {
global $endPoint;
$params4 = [
"action" => "options",
"change" => "language=en|skin=timeless",
"optionname" => "nickname",
"optionvalue" => "custom-signa|ture",
"token" => $csrftoken,
"format" => "json"
];
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $endPoint );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POST, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query( $params4 ) );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookie.txt" );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookie.txt" );
$output = curl_exec( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
echo ( $output );
}
JavaScript
/*
change_user_options.js
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `Options` module: POST request to change two options
for current user
MIT license
*/
var request = require('request').defaults({jar: true}),
url = "https://test.wikipedia.org/w/api.php";
// Step 1: GET request to fetch login token
function getLoginToken() {
var params_0 = {
action: "query",
meta: "tokens",
type: "login",
format: "json"
};
request.get({ url: url, qs: params_0 }, function (error, res, body) {
if (error) {
return;
}
var data = JSON.parse(body);
loginRequest(data.query.tokens.logintoken);
});
}
// Step 2: POST request to log in.
// Use of main account for login is not
// supported. Obtain credentials via Special:BotPasswords
// (https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:BotPasswords) for lgname & lgpassword
function loginRequest(login_token) {
var params_1 = {
action: "login",
lgname: "bot_username",
lgpassword: "bot_password",
lgtoken: login_token,
format: "json"
};
request.post({ url: url, form: params_1 }, function (error, res, body) {
if (error) {
return;
}
getCsrfToken();
});
}
// Step 3: GET request to fetch CSRF token
function getCsrfToken() {
var params_2 = {
action: "query",
meta: "tokens",
format: "json"
};
request.get({ url: url, qs: params_2 }, function(error, res, body) {
if (error) {
return;
}
var data = JSON.parse(body);
change_options(data.query.tokens.csrftoken);
});
}
// Step 4: POST request to change the user options
function change_options(csrf_token) {
var params_3 = {
action: "options",
change: "language=en|skin=timeless",
token: csrf_token,
format: "json"
};
request.post({ url: url, form: params_3 }, function (error, res, body) {
if (error) {
return;
}
console.log(body);
});
}
// Start From Step 1
getLoginToken();
MediaWiki JS
/*
change_user_options.js
MediaWiki API Demos
Demo of `Options` module: POST request to change three options
for current user
MIT License
*/
var params = {
action: 'options',
change: 'language=en|skin=monobook',
optionname: 'nickname',
optionvalue: 'custom-signa|ture',
format: 'json'
},
api = new mw.Api();
api.postWithToken( 'csrf', params ).done( function ( data ) {
console.log( data );
} );
Dostupné možnosti
Níže je uveden příklad seznamu získaného na
/w/api.php?action=query&format=json&meta=userinfo&uiprop=options
pro anglický účet Wikipedie, MediaWiki 1.40.0-wmf.14 (c526317) (prosinec 2022). Většina zde uvedených možností je definována různými rozšířeními MediaWiki, jako jsou mimo jiné Echo , VisualEditor , WikiLove nebo Gadgets nebo GrowthExperiments .*
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Možné chyby
Kromě obvyklých věcí :
Kód | Popis |
---|---|
notloggedin | Anonymní uživatelé nemohou měnit předvolby |
nochanges | No changes were requested. |
Historie parametrů
- 1.21: Představeno
resetkinds
Další poznámky
- Toto API je primárně určeno pro změnu možností, které jsou registrovány jádrem MediaWiki nebo rozšířeními a jsou dostupné na Special:Preferences.
- Rozhraní API můžete také použít k nastavení libovolných uživatelských možností, které mohou používat uživatelské skripty nebo externí editory. Tyto možnosti musí začínat předponou
userjs-
. - V současné době není omezen počet uživatelských možností, které můžete nastavit najednou. Data můžete ukládat do uživatelské volby tak, že je zakódujete jako řetězec
JSON
. - Zadání pouze názvů voleb bez znaménka rovná se jejich resetování (např.
hideminor|skin
). V případě libovolného páru klíč/hodnotauserjs-
má reset za následek jeho smazání. - Zadání pouze názvů voleb bez znaménka rovná se jejich resetování (např.
change
). V případě libovolného páru klíč/hodnota|
má reset za následek jeho smazání. - Následující limity platí pro všechny uživatelské možnosti:
- Bytová délka klíče musí být <= 255.
- Bytová délka hodnoty musí být <= 65535.
- Klíč musí obsahovat pouze písmena ASCII, čísla, pomlčky a podtržítka (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _, -).
Související odkazy
- API:Uživatelské informace - pro čtení existujících možností.