硝酸钚(IV)
外观
硝酸钚(IV) | |
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英文名 | Plutonium(IV) nitrate |
别名 | 四硝酸钚 |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 13823-27-3 ![]() 53745-09-8(238Pu) ![]() 13968-56-4(239Pu) ![]() 55252-44-3(水合) ![]() 159472-02-3(三水) ![]() 61204-24-8(五水) ![]() |
PubChem | 150308 |
SMILES |
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性质 | |
化学式 | Pu(NO3)4 |
摩尔质量 | 492.028(无水) 582.108(五水) g·mol⁻¹ |
外观 | 绿色晶体(五水)[1] |
密度 | 2.90 g·cm−3(五水)[2] |
溶解性(水) | 可溶 |
相关物质 | |
其他阴离子 | 硫酸钚(IV) |
其他阳离子 | 硝酸镎(IV) |
相关化学品 | 硝酸钚(VI)酰 |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
硝酸钚(IV)是一种具有强放射性的无机化合物,化学式为Pu(NO3)4,可以形成水合物,[1]其外观为深绿色晶体。[3][4]
制备
[编辑]硝酸钚(IV)可由二氧化钚溶于硝酸得到,[5]从其溶液中可以结晶出正交晶系的五水合物(Pu(NO3)4·5H2O)。[2]
性质
[编辑]硝酸钚(IV)可溶于水和一部分有机溶剂[1],其水溶液可被磷酸三丁酯萃取。[6]它也能溶于熔融的硝酸铀酰六水合物,若在体系中加入1~6 M HNO3,它会歧化为Pu(III)和Pu(VI),若提高HNO3浓度至10 M以上,则只会生成配阴离子[Pu(NO3)6]2−。[7]它在1.5~7.1 M的硝酸溶液中,可以Pu(NO3)n(4−n)+(n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5)的形式存在,7.1 M以上时,以[Pu(NO3)6]2−的形式存在,[8]超过11 M时,以H2[Pu(NO3)6]的形式存在。[9]在碱性溶液中,它以PuO2·xH2O的形式沉淀出来。[10]
它可以被氨基胍硫酸盐或抗坏血酸还原为Pu(NO3)3。[11]向其溶液通入臭氧,它可以经PuO2+氧化至PuO22+。[12]
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ahrland, S.; Bagnall, K.W.; Brown, D. The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier Science. 2016: 292 [2021-08-18]. ISBN 978-1-4831-5934-8. (原始内容存档于2021-08-18) (英语).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Staritzky, Eugene. Crustallographic Data. 142. Plutonium Tetranitrate Pentahydrate, Pu(NO3)4·5H2O. Analytical Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1956-12-01, 28 (12): 2021–2022. ISSN 0003-2700. doi:10.1021/ac60120a063 (英语).
- ^ Allen, P. G.; Veirs, D. K.; Conradson, S. D.; Smith, C. A.; Marsh, S. F. Characterization of Aqueous Plutonium(IV) Nitrate Complexes by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy. Inorganic Chemistry. 1996-01, 35 (10): 2841–2845 [2021-08-16]. doi:10.1021/ic9511231. (原始内容存档于2022-01-27).
- ^ Kubic, William; Jackson, J. A thermodynamic model of plutonium (IV) nitrate solutions. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2012-03-09, 293 (2): 601–612 [2021-08-16]. ISSN 1588-2780. S2CID 94704456. doi:10.1007/s10967-012-1703-4. (原始内容存档于2022-01-27).
- ^ George, Kathryn; Muller, Julie; Berthon, Laurence; Berthon, Claude; Guillaumont, Dominique; Vitorica-Yrezabal, Iñigo J.; Stafford, H. Victoria; Natrajan, Louise S.; Tamain, Christelle. Exploring the Coordination of Plutonium and Mixed Plutonyl–Uranyl Complexes of Imidodiphosphinates. Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 2019-04-26, 58 (10): 6904–6917. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00346 (英语).
- ^ Healy, T. V.; McKay, H. A. C. The extraction of nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Part 2.—The nature of the TBP phase. Trans. Faraday Soc. (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1956, 52 (0): 633–642. ISSN 0014-7672. doi:10.1039/tf9565200633 (英语).
- ^ Kulyako, Yu. M.; Trofimov, T. I.; Samsonov, M. D.; Shadrin, A. Yu.; Myasoedov, B. F. Solubility of plutonium nitrate in uranyl nitrate hexahydrate melt. Radiochemistry (Pleiades Publishing Ltd). 2008, 50 (3): 250–252. ISSN 1066-3622. doi:10.1134/s1066362208030053 (英语).
- ^ Lipis, L. V.; Pozharskii, B. G.; Fomin, V. V. Spectrophotometric investigation of the formation of complexes of quadrivalent Pu in nitrate solutions. Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii. 1960, (2): 135-144. ISSN 0136-7463 (俄语).
- ^ Brothers, J.A.; Hart, R.G.; Mathers, W.G. The nitrate complexes of tetravalent plutonium. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry (Elsevier BV). 1958, 7 (1-2): 85–93. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(58)80031-7 (英语).
- ^ Delegard, C. H. Effects of aging on PuO2·xH2O particle size in alkaline solution. Radiochimica Acta (Walter de Gruyter GmbH). 2013-04-29, 101 (5): 313–322. ISSN 2193-3405. doi:10.1524/ract.2013.2034 (英语).
- ^ Burney, G. A.; Tober, F. W. Precipitation of Plutonium Trifluoride. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1965, 4 (1): 28–32. ISSN 0196-4305. doi:10.1021/i260013a009 (英语).
- ^ Conroy, Nathan A.; Wylie, E. Miller; Powell, Brian A. A Novel Method for Tracer Concentration Plutonium(V) Solution Preparation. Analytical Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 2016-03-28, 88 (8): 4196–4199. ISSN 0003-2700. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00229 (英语).
拓展阅读
[编辑]
- Balasubramonian, S.; Pandey, N. K.; Subba Rao, R. V. Thermodynamic modeling of Pu(IV) and nitric acid extraction by 1.1 M tri-iso-amyl phosphate in n-dodecane. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2020-08-12, 326 (1): 105–113. ISSN 0236-5731. doi:10.1007/s10967-020-07338-8 (英语).
- Kaplan, Daniel I.; Demirkanli, Deniz I.; Gumapas, Leo; Powell, Brian A.; Fjeld, Robert A.; Molz, Fred J.; Serkiz, Steven M. Eleven-Year Field Study of Pu Migration from Pu III, IV, and VI Sources. Environmental Science & Technology (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 2005-12-06, 40 (2): 443–448. ISSN 0013-936X. doi:10.1021/es050073o (英语).
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