Portal:European Union

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The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The Union has a total area of 4,233,255 km² (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 449 million. The EU has often been described as a sui generis political entity combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation.

Containing 5.8% of the world population in 2020, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around US$16.6 trillion in 2022, constituting approximately one sixth of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all EU states except Bulgaria have a very high Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme. Its cornerstone, the Customs Union, paved the way to establishing an internal single market based on standardised legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to act as one. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market; enact legislation in justice and home affairs; and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. Passport controls have been abolished for travel within the Schengen Area. The eurozone is a group composed of the 20 EU member states that have fully implemented the economic and monetary union and use the euro currency. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the union has developed a role in external relations and defence. It maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G7 and the G20. Due to its global influence, the European Union has been described by some scholars as an emerging superpower.

In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The United Kingdom became the only member state to leave the EU, in 2020; ten countries are aspiring or negotiating to join it. (Full article...)

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The economy of the European Union combines the economies of 28 member states and is generating an estimated nominal GDP of €12.8 trillion in 2012 according to the Eurostat. It accounts for about 31% of the world's total economic output. 18 member states adopted a single currency, the euro, managed by the European Central Bank. The EU economy consists of a single market and is represented as a unified entity in the WTO.

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Iberian Peninsula

Map credit: Robert Wilkinson

An 18th century map of the Iberian Peninsula illustrating various topographic features of the land. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra.

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Did you know?

... that the presidency of the EU Council rotates every half year?

... that the EU parliamentary election is the world's biggest transnational election?

... that the European Union was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012?

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Tallinn is the capital city and main seaport of Estonia. It is situated on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, in north central Estonia., 80 kilometres south of Helsinki. Tallinn's population is registered at 399,180 (as of November 2006). In 1154 Tallinn was marked on the world map of the Arab cartographer al-Idrisi.

As an important port for trade between Russia and Scandinavia, it became a target for the expansion of the Teutonic Knights and Kingdom of Denmark during the period of Northern Crusades in the beginning of the 13th century when Christianity was forcibly imposed on the local population. Danish rule of Tallinn and Northern Estonia started in 1219. According to Eurostat, the statistical agency of the European Union, of all EU member states' capital cities, Tallinn has the largest number of non-EU nationals: 27.8% of its population are not EU citizens.

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General images

The following are images from various European Union-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The population density of the EU is 106 people per km². N.B. the light in the North Sea is from oil platforms. (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 2Political groups of the European Parliament in the Louise Weiss building after the election 2024:
  Group of the European People's Party (EPP)
  Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
  Patriots for Europe (PfE)
  European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR)
  Renew Europe (Renew)
  The Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)
  The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL (The Left)
  Europe of Sovereign Nations (ESN)
  Non-Inscrits (NI)
  Vacant (1)
(from Politics of the European Union)
Image 3Signatories of the 2007 declaration in dark blue. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 4Newest state in yellow (from History of the European Union)
Image 5Konrad Adenauer, Walter Hallstein and Antonio Segni, signing the European customs union and Euratom in Rome in 1957 (from History of the European Union)
Image 6Logo of the European Central Bank (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 7A piece from the original manuscript. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 8Winston Churchill (right, during the Atlantic Conference), consistent advocate of continential European integration, later along with his son-in-law Duncan Sandys (from History of the European Union)
Image 9Logo of the European Parliament (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 10Organigram of the political system. The seven organs of the Union are in blue, national / intergovernmental elements in orange. (from Politics of the European Union)
Image 11The fertility rate in the EU was 1.46 in 2022 (Kindergarten in France). (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 12Aristide Briand (from History of the European Union)
Image 13The flag of Europe, emblem of both the Council of Europe and the European Union. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 14Ursula von der Leyen President of the European Commission
(since 1 December 2019) (from History of the European Union)
Image 15Flag of the Western Union (from History of the European Union)
Image 16José Manuel Barroso President of the European Commission (2004-2014) (from History of the European Union)
Image 17Hearing of Josep Borrell, High Representative Vice President (from Politics of the European Union)
Image 18The European Coal and Steel Community's flag. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 191922 European flag of the Paneuropean Union (from History of the European Union)
Image 20Elaboration by sex (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 21Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in the European Union in 2019 (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 22Population pyramid of the EU 27 in 2023 (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 23Logo of the European Council and the Council of the European Union (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 24Logo of the European Court of Auditors (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 25The Schuman Parade in Warsaw has been organised by the Schuman Foundation since 1999 (2008 photograph). (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 26Boris Johnson Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022 (from History of the European Union)
Image 27Coins and banknotes of the Euro, the single-currency introduced from 1999 (from History of the European Union)
Image 28Europa regina in Sebastian Münster's "Cosmographia", 1570 (from History of the European Union)
Image 29Meeting in the Hall of Knights in The Hague, during the Congress of Europe (9 May 1948) (from History of the European Union)
Image 30The Euro symbol shown as a sculpture outside the European Central Bank (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 31A cartogram depicting the population distribution between old EU-27 member states in 2008 (including the UK and excluding Croatia). 57.8% of all citizens of the EU live in the four largest member states: Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 32The Frankish Empire at its greatest extent, ca. 814 AD (from History of the European Union)
Image 33Logo of the Court of Justice of the European Union (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 34The ordinary legislative procedure of the European Union (from Politics of the European Union)
Image 35Logo of the European Commission (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 36After two devastating world wars, the political climate favoured an international unity that could preserve peace in Europe effectively (Hamburg, after a massive Allied bombing in 1943 in the picture). (from History of the European Union)