Jump to content

1990

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from April 1990)
From top-left, clockwise: the 1990 FIFA World Cup is held in Italy and is won by West Germany; the Human Genome Project is launched; The Pale Blue Dot image is taken by Voyager 1; West Germany and East Germany reunify; British police stand on-guard during the poll tax riots; Iraq under Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait, beginning the Gulf War; an earthquake kills 35,000-50,000 people in northern Iran; the Hubble Space Telescope is launched from the Space Shuttle Discovery.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1990 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1990
MCMXC
Ab urbe condita2743
Armenian calendar1439
ԹՎ ՌՆԼԹ
Assyrian calendar6740
Baháʼí calendar146–147
Balinese saka calendar1911–1912
Bengali calendar1397
Berber calendar2940
British Regnal year38 Eliz. 2 – 39 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2534
Burmese calendar1352
Byzantine calendar7498–7499
Chinese calendar己巳年 (Earth Snake)
4687 or 4480
    — to —
庚午年 (Metal Horse)
4688 or 4481
Coptic calendar1706–1707
Discordian calendar3156
Ethiopian calendar1982–1983
Hebrew calendar5750–5751
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2046–2047
 - Shaka Samvat1911–1912
 - Kali Yuga5090–5091
Holocene calendar11990
Igbo calendar990–991
Iranian calendar1368–1369
Islamic calendar1410–1411
Japanese calendarHeisei 2
(平成2年)
Javanese calendar1922–1923
Juche calendar79
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4323
Minguo calendarROC 79
民國79年
Nanakshahi calendar522
Thai solar calendar2533
Tibetan calendar阴土蛇年
(female Earth-Snake)
2116 or 1735 or 963
    — to —
阳金马年
(male Iron-Horse)
2117 or 1736 or 964
Unix time631152000 – 662687999

1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1990th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 990th year of the 2nd millennium, the 90th year of the 20th century, and the 1st year of the 1990s decade.

Important events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen,[1] the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project (finished in 2003), the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, the separation of Namibia from South Africa, and the Baltic states declaring independence from the Soviet Union during Perestroika. Yugoslavia's communist regime collapses amidst increasing internal tensions and multiparty elections held within its constituent republics result in separatist governments being elected in most of the republics marking the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia. Also in this year began the crisis that would lead to the Gulf War in 1991 following the Iraq invasion and the largely internationally unrecognized annexation of Kuwait. This led to Operation Desert Shield being enacted with an international coalition of military forces being built up on the Kuwaiti-Saudi border with demands for Iraq to peacefully withdraw from Kuwait. Also in this year, Nelson Mandela was released from prison, and Margaret Thatcher resigned as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after more than 11 years.

1990 was an important year in the Internet's early history. In late 1990, Tim Berners-Lee created the first web server and the foundation for the World Wide Web. Test operations began around December 20 and it was released outside CERN the following year.[2] 1990 also saw the official decommissioning of the ARPANET, a forerunner of the Internet system and the introduction of the first content web search engine, Archie, on September 10.[3]

September 14, 1990, saw the first case of successful somatic gene therapy on a patient.[4]

Due to the early 1990s recession that began that year and uncertainty due to the collapse of the socialist governments in Eastern Europe, birth rates in many countries stopped rising or fell steeply in 1990. In most western countries the Echo Boom peaked in 1990; fertility rates declined thereafter.[5]

Events

[edit]

January

[edit]

February

[edit]

March

[edit]

April

[edit]

May

[edit]

June

[edit]

July

[edit]

August

[edit]

September

[edit]

October

[edit]

November

[edit]

December

[edit]

World population

[edit]
World population
1990 1985 1995
World 5,263,593,000 4,830,979,000 432,614,000 +8.95% 5,674,380,000 410,787,000 +7.80%
Africa 622,443,000 541,718,000 80,629,000 +14.88% 707,462,000 85,019,000 +13.66%
Asia 3,167,807,000 2,887,552,000 280,255,000 +9.71% 3,430,052,000 262,245,000 +8.28%
Europe 721,582,000 706,009,000 15,573,000 +2.21% 727,405,000 5,823,000 +0.81%
Latin America 441,525,000 401,469,000 40,056,000 +9.98% 481,099,000 39,574,000 +8.96%
North America 283,549,000 269,456,000 14,093,000 +5.23% 299,438,000 15,889,000 +5.60%
Oceania 26,687,000 24,678,000 2,009,000 +8.14% 28,924,000 2,237,000 +8.38%

Births and deaths

[edit]

Nobel Prizes

[edit]

Fields Medal

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Yemen". Encyclopedia Britannica. November 20, 2023. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  2. ^ "WWW Project History". w3.org. Archived from the original on September 23, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  3. ^ "The first search engine, Archive". illinois.edu. Archived from the original on January 17, 2012.
  4. ^ "Gene Therapy – A Brief History". CitizenLink. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015.
  5. ^ "NCHS Data Brief ■ No. 136 ■ December 2013" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
  6. ^ "InfoWorld". InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. January 15, 1990. p. 425.
  7. ^ Raay, Wytze van der. "Stichting NLnet Jaarverslag 1990". nlnet.nl. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
  8. ^ "NKR Office in Washington, DC". www.nkrusa.org. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  9. ^ "Notes from Baku: Black January". EurasiaNet.org. Archived from the original on August 27, 2009. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  10. ^ "Internationale swansong for Poland's communists". The Glasgow Herald. January 29, 1990. Archived from the original on October 10, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
  11. ^ a b Weston, Shaun (August 19, 2010). "McDonald's announces bond to support growth in China". FoodBev. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  12. ^ Bose, Sumantra (June 1, 2009). Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Harvard University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-674-02855-5.
  13. ^ "Case Against Smoker on Airline Ends in Mistrial". Los Angeles Times. July 27, 1991. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  14. ^ Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office (2005). The Diplomatic Service List. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-11-591781-3.
  15. ^ "Frigate guests get shot at sailors' rum ritual". The New Zealand Herald. January 26, 2000. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  16. ^ Ildikó Lipcsey; Sabin Gherman; Adrian Severin (2006). Romania and Transylvania in the 20th Century. Corvinus Pub. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-882785-15-5.
  17. ^ Anamaria Dutceac Segesten, Myth, Identity, and Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of Romanian and Serbian Textbooks Archived October 9, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, Lexington Books, 2011, ISBN 9780739148679
  18. ^ Kurtz, Howard (July 3, 1990). "U.S. JURY CLEARS MARCOS IN FRAUD CASE". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  19. ^ "Namibia gains Independence | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  20. ^ "1990 Federal Election | AustralianPolitics.com". australianpolitics.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  21. ^ "Fire kills 87 people at the Happy Land Social Club in 1990". NY Daily News. March 17, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  22. ^ "Kultakauppiaiden murhista syytetty japanilainen kiisti". Helsingin Sanomat. May 31, 1990. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  23. ^ "Natsikultaa ei edes ollut olemassa – silti kaksi miestä kuoli Siuntiossa sen vuoksi". Iltalehti. July 26, 2021. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  24. ^ "STS-31". Mission Archives. NASA. October 14, 2006. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  25. ^ Drogin, Bob (May 14, 1990). "2 U.S. Airmen Killed at Base in Philippines : Military: The shootings, believed to be the work of Communist rebels, come on the eve of talks on the future of American bases". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 25, 2019. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  26. ^ Kleiner, Carolyn (July 24, 2000). "Van Gogh's vanishing act". Mysteries of History. U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on December 8, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  27. ^ "May 17th is the Intl Day Against Homophobia". ILGA. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014.
  28. ^ "Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in Washington for a summit". HISTORY. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  29. ^ "Italia '90 Il primo passo della HDTV digitale I Parte" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 19, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  30. ^ Ãrla Ryan (November 9, 2014). "In Photos: 25 years ago today the Berlin Wall fell". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
  31. ^ "1990 June 14 Panay Earthquake". phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. Archived from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  32. ^ Jesse Greenspan (December 9, 2013). "Nelson Mandela comes to America". History.com. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  33. ^ White, Stephen, Graeme J. Gill, and Darrell Slider. The Politics of Transition: Shaping a Post-Soviet Future. Cambridge, ENG, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993. p. 132
  34. ^ David Gould (November 1991). Chronicle of the Year 1990. J Bradbury & Associates. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-872031-10-1.
  35. ^ Brooks, Elston (July 8, 1990). "Count on this day for perfect sequence". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. pp. 3, Section 6.
  36. ^ a b "Azərbaycan Respublikası Ali Məhkəməsi". supremecourt.gov.az. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
  37. ^ "M 6.4 - 50 km S of Jurm, Afghanistan". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  38. ^ "Remembering the 1990 Luzon Earthquake". Rappler. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  39. ^ "Russian Internet". i-love-moscow.com. Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  40. ^ "Smokers jeer, tobacco foes cheer as strictest U.S. ban takes effect". Eugene Register-Guard. August 3, 1990. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
  41. ^ "Today in History for 23rd August 1990". HistoryOrb. August 23, 1990. Archived from the original on September 16, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  42. ^ Bassett, Michael (2008). Working with David: Inside the Lange Cabinet. Auckland: Hodder Moa. p. 536. ISBN 978-1-86971-094-1.
  43. ^ a b "Archive for PBP – www.palmbeachpost.com". newsbank.com. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
  44. ^ "Articles about Christopher Skase – Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  45. ^ Weisman, Steven R. (September 19, 1990). "Atlanta selected over Athens for 1996 Olympics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  46. ^ Kulttuurin superviikko Tampere-talossa: Tero Saarisen uutuusteos, satuoopperoiden maailmanensi-ilta ja talon synttäriesitys Archived August 26, 2021, at the Wayback Machine - ePressi (in Finnish)
  47. ^ "Tim Berners-Lee bio". w3.org. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
  48. ^ Yabes, Criselda (October 4, 1990). "PHILIPPINE TROOPS LAUNCH REBELLION ON MINDANAO ISLAND". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
  49. ^ "Philippine Rebellion Ends in Surrender : Mindanao: A renegade colonel gives himself up, and government forces recover two military camps on southern island". Los Angeles Times. October 6, 1990. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
  50. ^ "Kuidas leiti K. Pätsi põrm" [How K. Päts' ashes were found]. Videvik (in Estonian). November 11, 2010. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  51. ^ Haav, Margus (January 18, 2011). "Esimese presidendi viimne teekond kodumulda algas uskumatult" [The first president's last journey to the home soil began incredibly]. Sakala (in Estonian). Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  52. ^ IDG Enterprise (1990). Computerworld. IDG Enterprise. p. 14.
  53. ^ Digital cameras, the next wave. (Electronic Imaging Issue; includes related articles)
  54. ^ Berners-Lee, T.; Cailliau, R. (November 12, 1990). "WorldWideWeb: Proposal for a HyperText Project". Archived from the original on December 19, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  55. ^ "Links and Anchors". Archived from the original on August 11, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  56. ^ Conradi, Peter (1992). The Red Ripper: Inside the Mind of Russia's Most Brutal Serial Killer. London: True Crime. p. 193. ISBN 0-440-21603-6.
  57. ^ ""Stumbling Out of the Fog:" Memories of the Worst Traffic Accident in Tennessee History". December 11, 2015. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
  58. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  59. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1990". Nobel Foundation. October 15, 1990. Archived from the original on November 8, 2010. Retrieved November 3, 2010.