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December 1962

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December 14, 1962: Mariner 2 transmits information from Venus to Earth
December 19, 1962: Mona Lisa arrives in the United States
December 7, 1962: ATLAS, the most powerful computer up to that time, goes online
December 20, 1962: The Osmond Brothers make their national debut with Andy Williams

The following events occurred in December 1962:

December 1, 1962 (Saturday)

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December 2, 1962 (Sunday)

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  • A week of severe smog began in London, killing at least 106 people over four days, and causing the hospitalization of over 1,000. Most of the people whose deaths were blamed on the fog had pre-existing heart and lung problems, with 66 dead in the first three days. In 1952, the combination of factory pollution and fog had killed at least 4,000 people over nine days.[4][5]
  • After a trip to Vietnam at the request of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, U.S. Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield became the first American official to make a non-optimistic public comment on the progress of the Vietnam War.
  • In Japan, Toru Terasawa won the annual Fukuoka Marathon in a Japanese national record time of 2:16:18.4.

December 3, 1962 (Monday)

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December 4, 1962 (Tuesday)

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  • Seven people, a majority of whom were with the Manned Spacecraft Center, were set to win monetary awards for inventions that were important in the development of Project Mercury. These were: Andre J. Meyer, Jr. ($1,000) for the vehicle parachute and equipment jettison equipment; Maxime Faget and Andre Meyer (divided $1,500) for the emergency ejection device; Maxime Faget, William Bland, and Jack Heberlig (divided $2,000) for the survival couch; and Maxime Faget, Andre Meyer, Robert Chilton, Williard Blanchard, Alan Kehlet, Jerome Hammack, and Caldwell Johnson (divided $4,200) for the Mercury spacecraft design. Formal presentation of these awards was made on December 10, 1962.[11]
  • The first Jacob's Awards ceremony was held in Dublin, marking the first awards for achievement in Irish television.[12] Winners included Joe Lynch, Charles Mitchel and Proinsias Mac Aonghusa.
  • Died: Pietro Tomasi Della Torretta, 89, former Foreign Minister of Italy (1921–1922), later the last President of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy (1944–1946)

December 5, 1962 (Wednesday)

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  • Former U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk "delivered a speech so brutally honest that he has never been forgiven for it", in the words of one commentator,[13] declaring that "Great Britain has lost an empire and has not yet found a role... The attempt to play a separate power role... based on being the head of a 'Commonwealth' which has no political structure, unity or strength... this role is absolutely played out." Rusk delivered his criticism of the United Kingdom in a speech before cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point.
  • The body of 20-year-old Sophie Clark was found strangled in Boston's Back Bay, making her the seventh victim of the Boston Strangler.
  • The first Test match of the 1962–63 Ashes series ended in a draw at Brisbane Cricket Ground.
  • The Tasmanian blue gum was adopted as an official symbol of the Australian state of Tasmania.
  • Born: José Cura, Argentine operatic tenor; in Rosario
  • Died: Arthur Murray, 3rd Viscount Elibank, 83, British MP and the last of the Viscounts Elibank

December 6, 1962 (Thursday)

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December 7, 1962 (Friday)

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December 8, 1962 (Saturday)

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December 9, 1962 (Sunday)

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December 10, 1962 (Monday)

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December 11, 1962 (Tuesday)

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  • The last execution in Canada took place at Don Jail, Toronto, when Ronald Turpin, 29, and Arthur Lucas, 54, convicted for separate murders, were hanged at the same time. Turpin had shot a constable in Toronto in February, while Lucas, an African-American from Detroit, had murdered two people in 1961.[32] Years later, Chaplain Cyril Everitt would reveal in an interview that "The hanging was bungled. Turpin died clean, but Lucas' head was torn right off. It was hanging just by the sinews of the neck."; on July 14, 1976, Canada would abolish the death penalty by a vote of 131–124 in the House of Commons.[33]
  • In West Germany, a coalition government of Christian Democrats, Christian Socialists, and Free Democrats was formed. Hans Ehard stepped down as Minister-President of Bavaria, after a total of more than ten years in office, to be replaced by Alfons Goppel.

December 12, 1962 (Wednesday)

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December 13, 1962 (Thursday)

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  • George Wright was indicted for murder. He would be found guilty and sentenced to 30 years in prison, but would escape in 1970, hijack a plane in 1972, and remain a fugitive until September 28, 2011.[38]
  • Siegfried Balke was dismissed from his cabinet post as West Germany's Minister for Nuclear Energy in a reshuffle resulting from the Spiegel affair.
  • Died:

December 14, 1962 (Friday)

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  • The U.S. spacecraft Mariner 2 became the first Earth probe to successfully transmit data from another planet, as it flew by Venus. At 1:55 p.m. Florida time (1855 UTC), Mariner began transmitting data as it came within 21,641 miles (34,828 km) of Venus, and continued to transmit data until 2:37 p.m. (1937 UTC), then moved onward toward the Sun.[39] The data showed for the first time the surface temperature of Venus, found to be 900 °F (482 °C), and revealed "a planet inhospitable to life", which "dashed hopes for a tropical, watery planet filled with aquatic and amphibious creatures", in the words of one observer.[40]
  • Hugh Gaitskell, the Leader of the Opposition in the United Kingdom as head of the Labour Party, first showed the symptoms of Lupus erythematosus, from which he would die 25 days later at the age of 56. Because the illness came the day after Gaitskell had visited the Soviet Embassy in London to have tea, and Soviet journals had described a drug that could cause systemic lupus, conspiracy theorists suggested a link between the two events. The Labour Party would win a majority two years later.[41]
  • Diplomatic clearance was obtained by the MSC from the NASA Office of International Programs for a survey trip to the Changi Air Field in Singapore, in conjunction with Project Mercury contingency recovery operations. The United Kingdom indicated that the Aden Protectorate could be used for contingency recovery aircraft for the Mercury 9 mission to be flown by Gordon Cooper in April 1963.[11]
  • The value of the Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, was assessed for insurance purposes at US$100,000,000,[42] before the painting was scheduled to begin its tour the United States for several months.[43] At the time, it was the highest value ever set by an insurance company for a painting. The Louvre museum would eventually elect to spend the money on security instead.
  • Five people were killed in a neighborhood in North Hollywood, California when a Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation cargo plane, hauling freight for Flying Tigers, crashed and set six homes and two businesses on fire. All four of the crew on the plane died.[44] The cause of the accident was later traced to the pilot suffering a heart attack as the plane was landing at the North Hollywood airport.[45]
  • All 50 people on a Panair do Brasil airplane were killed in the crash as the Lockheed L-049 Constellation that was approaching Manaus at the scheduled end of a 2,500-mile (4,000 km) flight from Belém. The airplane crashed in a jungle outside Manaus, and was not found until the next day.[46][47]
  • The United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 1803 about peoples' right to natural resources.[48]

December 15, 1962 (Saturday)

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Vail Resort in 2005
  • The Vail Ski Resort, largest in the United States, was opened in Eagle County, Colorado. On its first day, unseasonable weather left only ankle-deep snow at the top of the mountain, and none at the base, and three weeks after the novelty wore off, the resort that would become a favorite destination for celebrities (including U.S. President Gerald R. Ford) had only twelve customers.[49]
  • MSC researchers compiled the requirements for the study of a U.S. space station. Throughout the study, an overall objective would be simplicity, no artificial gravity, and maximum use of existing launch vehicles and spacecraft systems to achieve the earliest possible launch date.[37]
  • Ahmad Shukeiri, Saudi Arabia's permanent representative to the United Nations, was fired from his job by King Faisal, two weeks after openly offering a "salute" to the Tacuara Group, an anti-Semitic right wing organization in Argentina, in his speeches to the General Assembly.[50]
  • Facilities at Woomera, Australia, a segment of the Mercury global network for telemetry reception and air-to-ground voice communications, were declared no longer required for Mercury flights.[11]
  • A storm over the North Sea knocked the Belgian pirate radio station Radio Uylenspiegel off the airwaves, never to operate again.
  • British driver Jim Clark won the 1962 Rand Grand Prix, held at Kyalami, South Africa.
  • Died: Charles Laughton, 63, English film and stage actor, winner of the 1933 Academy Award for Best Actor for The Private Life of Henry VIII

December 16, 1962 (Sunday)

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  • John Paul Scott became the first person confirmed to have escaped from the prison on Alcatraz Island and to have made it to the California mainland. Scott and Carl D. Parker had sawed through prison bars, and then plunged into the San Francisco Bay with homemade flotation devices, but both became victims of hypothermia in the chilly December waters. Parker gave up after swimming 100 yards (91 m) and came to shore at the western end of the island. Scott swam 3 miles (4.8 km) and was exhausted and freezing when he was found on the beach by two children.[51]
  • According to New Age "Messenger" Mark L. Prophet, he and other Messengers received the first dictation from one of the "Elohim of the First Ray" as "Amazonia" on raising mankind's spiritual consciousness.[52]
  • Đorđije Pajković became President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro, at the time a part of Yugoslavia.
  • Died: Lew Landers (stage name for Louis Friedlander), 61, American film and TV director and actor

December 17, 1962 (Monday)

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  • Mamadou Dia, the first Prime Minister of Senegal, was imprisoned along with Interior Minister Valdiodio N'diaye and Information Minister Ibrahima Sarr, on charges that the three plotted to overthrow President Léopold Sédar Senghor. The three men would spend more than 11 years in prison until being pardoned (along with 14 other political prisoners) by President Senghor on March 27, 1974.[53]
  • The MSC's newly formed Scientific Experiments Panel first met to solicit proposals for scientific experiments to be performed on Gemini and Apollo flights.[29]
  • Voters in South Korea approved the Constitution of the Third Republic in a nationwide referendum by a 78.8% yes vote.[54]
  • The new Constitution of Monaco was published.
  • Died: Thomas Mitchell, 70, American actor who won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (1939, Stagecoach), an Emmy Award for Best Dramatic Performance (1953, The Doctor), and a Tony Award (1953, Hazel Flagg)

December 18, 1962 (Tuesday)

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December 19, 1962 (Wednesday)

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  • The U.S. Air Force launched Titan II flight N-11 to develop the Titan II weapon system. It carried a design change intended to reduce the amplitude of longitudinal oscillations which had appeared during first stage operation on all seven previous Titan II flights. This phenomenon, which subsequently became known as POGO, generated g-forces as high as 9 in the first stage and over 3 at the position on the missile corresponding to the location of the spacecraft on the Gemini launch vehicle. Fearing the potentially adverse effect on astronaut performance of such superimposed g-forces, NASA established 0.25g at 11 cycles per second as the maximum level tolerable for Gemini flights. Postflight analysis, however, revealed that the POGO fix was unsuccessful; longitudinal oscillation had actually been multiplied by a factor of two.[29]
  • The Soviet Union agreed, for the first time, to allow American inspections of its nuclear sites as part of a mutual bargain for each nation to verify the nuclear capability of the other, in a letter sent by Soviet Premier Khrushchev to U.S. President Kennedy. However, Khrushchev's offer of 2 or 3 annual on-site inspections was rejected by the U.S. on December 28 as not being enough.[58]
  • The Mona Lisa arrived in the United States for the first time, as cargo on board the S.S. France.[59] After the Da Vinci masterpiece was unloaded at the French Line Pier in New York City, it was placed into a panel truck and driven to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. as part of a motorcade that included seven cars.[60]
  • All 33 people on a LOT Polish Airlines prop-jet were killed when the plane crashed while on its way from East Berlin to Warsaw, after starting in Brussels.[61][62]
  • Britain acknowledged the right of Nyasaland (now Malawi) to secede from the Central African Federation.

December 20, 1962 (Thursday)

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Impact crater from Thompson's crashed Starfighter

December 21, 1962 (Friday)

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December 22, 1962 (Saturday)

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December 23, 1962 (Sunday)

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December 24, 1962 (Monday)

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  • Cuba released the other 1,113 participants from Brigade 2506, who had participated in the Bay of Pigs Invasion to the U.S., in exchange for food worth $53 million. The final flight for Operation Ransom arrived at the Homestead AFB at 9:00 p.m.[76]
  • Born: Hezekiah Walker, American gospel musician and two-time Grammy Award winner; in Brooklyn
  • Died: Wilhelm Ackermann, 66, German mathematician known for the Ackermann function in the theory of computation

December 25, 1962 (Tuesday)

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  • The Niña II, a replica of the smallest of the three ships that Christopher Columbus had brought to the New World in 1492, arrived at the Bahamas' San Salvador Island after a voyage that took 47 days longer than the original trip. Captain Carlos Etayo and a crew of 8 had set off from the Spanish port at Palos de la Frontera on September 19 with the goal of retracing Columbus's route with hopes of finishing on October 12, but had not left the Canary Islands until October 10, then was not heard from for fifty days. Columbus had sailed from Spain to the Bahamas in 70 days, between August 3 and October 12, 1492.[77]
  • The Thai-language daily newspaper Thai Rath was founded by Kampol Vacharaphol.
  • Died: Warren Austin, 85, the first U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (1946–1953), previously U.S. Senator for Vermont (1931–1946)

December 26, 1962 (Wednesday)

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December 27, 1962 (Thursday)

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December 28, 1962 (Friday)

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  • U.S. President Kennedy replied to Soviet Premier Khrushchev's December 19 letter, rejecting the idea of no more than three on-site inspections of nuclear facilities each year. Khrushchev would say later that "he had been led to believe", by negotiator Arthur Dean, that the U.S. would settle for three or four visits per year, while Kennedy said that Dean had mentioned between 8 and 10 inspections.[58] No inspections would take place at all until 1988.
  • Died: Kathleen Clifford, 75, American stage and screen actress

December 29, 1962 (Saturday)

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December 30, 1962 (Sunday)

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December 31, 1962 (Monday)

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Rayburn (center) on The Match Game
  • The long-running U.S. TV game show The Match Game premiered on the NBC television network, with host Gene Rayburn, as a show in which guest celebrities were paired with four members of the audience to match the most popular answer to a fill-in-the-blank question. The original celebrity guests were Arlene Francis and Skitch Henderson.[94] After going off the air in 1969, the show would return as "Match Game '73" in a new format with Rayburn on July 2, 1973, featuring six celebrity panelists and many risqué questions.
  • The body of 23-year-old Patricia Bissette was found in her apartment. She was the eighth victim of Albert DeSalvo, the "Boston Strangler". DeSalvo would later confess that he had gotten the name of Bissette's roommate from the mailbox and had posed as the roommate's friend to gain entry.[95]
  • By the end of 1962, the cumulative cost of the 1959 NASA contract with the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation for the Mercury program had reached $135,764,042.[11]
  • Tradair, a failing British airline with nine airplanes, was acquired by East Anglian Flying Services, which renamed itself Channel Airways.

References

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