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List of primates of Colombia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The primates of Colombia include 41 extant species in 13 genera and five families.[1][2][3][4] Additionally, 12 fossil species in 10 genera and five families have been identified in Colombia, mainly at the La Venta Lagerstätte of the Honda Group, mostly from the so-called "Monkey Unit", "Monkey Beds" or "Monkey Locality",[5] the richest site for fossil primates in South America.[6] As of 2013, of the 30 fossil primate species found in South America dating to the Late Oligocene (26 Ma) to the Pleistocene, twelve are described from the Honda Group. The genera Branisella, Caipora, Carlocebus, Chilecebus, Dolichocebus, Homunculus, Killikaike, Mazzonicebus, Proteropithecia, Protopithecus, Soriacebus, Szalatavus and Tremacebus have been discovered in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Peru and are not known from Colombia. Additionally, Antillothrix, Insulacebus (both Hispaniola), Paralouatta (Cuba) and Xenothrix (Jamaica) were restricted to the Caribbean.[7] The discovery of Perupithecus, described in 2015 from the Late Eocene (35-36 Ma) Santa Rosa fauna in the Yahuarango Formation of the Peruvian Amazon, pushes back the evolutionary lineage of New World primates.[8]

Extant primates

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Common name Scientific name Image Distribution & habitat Range map Remarks Notes
Aotidae - night monkeys
Brumback's night monkey Aotus brumbacki Orinoco region
ssp. of A. lemurinus ?; Vulnerable
Gray-bellied night monkey Aotus lemurinus Tropical Andes
Vulnerable
Gray-handed night monkey Aotus griseimembra
Northern Colombia east of Sinú River
ssp. of A. lemurinus ?; Vulnerable
Hernández-Camacho's night monkey Aotus jorgehernandezi West slope of Central Andes (Quindío, Risaralda)
Tatamá (West Andes) ?
Panamanian night monkey Aotus zonalis
Chocó lowlands
ssp. of A. lemurinus ?
Spix's night monkey Aotus vociferans
Amazon region
Atelidae - howler, spider, and wooly monkeys
Black-headed spider monkey Ateles fusciceps
West slope of West Andes, Pacific lowlands
Critically endangered
Brown spider monkey Ateles hybridus
Magdalena Valley, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Serranía del Perijá
Critically endangered
Brown woolly monkey Lagothrix lagotricha
Amazon region
Vulnerable
Colombian woolly monkey Lagothrix lugens East Andes foothills, Serranía de la Macarena, Magdalena Valley, Serranía de San Lucas
Critically endangered; Endemic ?
Geoffroy's spider monkey Ateles geoffroyi
Possibly extreme northern Chocó to Baudó Mountains
Endangered
Juruá red howler Alouatta juara
Amazon region
may be subspecies of A. seniculus
Mantled howler Alouatta palliata
Pacific lowlands, western Caribbean lowlands
Ursine howler Alouatta arctoidea
Northern Orinoco region
may be subspecies of A. seniculus
Venezuelan red howler Alouatta seniculus
Throughout except Pacific & La Guajira
White-bellied spider monkey Ateles belzebuth
Parts of Amazon region, Serranía de la Macarena, foothills of East Andes
Endangered
Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins
Black-mantled tamarin Saguinus nigricollis
Amazon region
Brown-mantled tamarin Saguinus fuscicollis
Amazon region
Sympatric with pygmy marmoset
Cotton-top tamarin Saguinus oedipus
Caribbean region, PNN Tayrona
Critically endangered; Endemic
Geoffroy's tamarin Saguinus geoffroyi
Chocó lowlands and foothill forest
Goeldi's marmoset Callimico goeldii
Amazon region
Vulnerable
Graells's tamarin Saguinus graellsi Amazon region ssp. of S. nigricollis ?; Near threatened
Mottle-faced tamarin Saguinus inustus Amazon region
Pygmy marmoset Cebuella pygmaea
Amazon region
White-footed tamarin Saguinus leucopus
Northern Colombia; dry and humid forest
Allopatry from S. oedipus; Endangered; Endemic
Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys
Colombian white-faced capuchin Cebus capucinus
Pacific lowlands, Gorgona Island
Map shows combined range of Colombian and Panamanian white-faced capuchins; Colombian white-faced capuchin range shown in red
Common squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus
Amazon region
Subsequent taxonomic research restricts S. sciureus to Brazil and the Guianas; replaced in Colombia by S. cassiquiarensis
Humboldt's squirrel monkey Saimiri cassiquiarensis Amazon region
Large-headed capuchin Sapajus macrocephalus
Amazon region
may be ssp. of S. apella
Marañón white-fronted capuchin Cebus yuracus Southern Colombia
Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin Cebus cesarae Río Cesar valley Endemic
Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin Cebus malitiosus Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Endangered; Endemic
Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin Cebus leucocephalus Northern Colombia
Tufted capuchin Cebus apella
Amazon region, Orinoco region
Varied white-fronted capuchin Cebus versicolor Río Magdalena Valley Endangered; Endemic
Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin Cebus albifrons Amazon region
Several white-fronted capuchin species were formerly considered subspecies of C. albifrons
Pitheciidae - titis, sakis & uakaris
Black titi Callicebus lugens
Orinoco & Amazon lowlands, between Caquetá & Tomo Rivers
Caquetá titi Callicebus caquetensis Caquetá
Critically endangered; Endemic
geographic range of just about 100 km2 (39 sq mi), actually occupies only about 10 km2 (3.9 sq mi) within that range
Collared titi Callicebus torquatus Amazon region
Colombian black-handed titi Callicebus medemi Amazon region, between Caquetá & Putumayo Rivers
Vulnerable; Endemic
Golden-backed uakari Cacajao melanocephalus
Between Caquetá & Guaviare Rivers, to Serranía de la Macarena
Lucifer titi Callicebus lucifer
Amazon region, between Caquetá & Putumayo Rivers
Monk saki Pithecia monachus
Amazon region, south of Caquetá River
Ornate titi Callicebus ornatus
East Andean foothills to Serranía de la Macarena
Vulnerable; Endemic
White-tailed titi Callicebus discolor
Amazon region
Vulnerable

Fossil primates

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Age Formation Family Genus Species Notes
Mid Miocene
(Laventan)
Honda Group Aotidae Aotus A. dindensis
Atelidae Miocallicebus M. villaviejai
Stirtonia S. tatacoensis
(syn. Kondous laventicus)
S. victoriae
Callitrichidae Lagonimico L. conclucatus
Micodon M. kiotensis
Patasola P. magdalenae
Cebidae Saimiri S. annectens
(syn. Laventiana annectens, Neosaimiri annectens)
S. fieldsi
(syn. Neosaimiri fieldsi)
Pitheciidae Cebupithecia C. sarmientoi
Nuciruptor N. rubricae
incertae sedis
(Callitrichidae, Pitheciidae or Aotidae)
Mohanamico M. hershkovitzi

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Defler, 2004, p.84
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Defler, 2004, p.85
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Defler, 2004, p.86
  4. ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species".
  5. ^ Monkey Locality in the Paleobiology Database
  6. ^ Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p.3
  7. ^ Tejedor, 2013, pp.34–35
  8. ^ Bond et al., 2015, p.540
  9. ^ Hernández-Camacho's night monkey range - IUCN Red List
  10. ^ Stevenson, P.R.; Link, A.; Guzmán-Caro, D.C. (2021). "Lagothrix lagothricha ssp. lugens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39926A192308084. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39926A192308084.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  11. ^ Juruá Howler range - IUCN Red List
  12. ^ Ursine Howler range - IUCN Red List
  13. ^ a b c d e f Mittermeier, Russell A. & Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates. Lynx. pp. 407–413. ISBN 978-8496553897.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ a b Mittermeier, Russell A. & Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates. Lynx. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-8496553897.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Large-headed capuchin range - IUCN Red List
  16. ^ Link, A.; Boubli, J.P.; Lynch, J.W. (2021). "Cebus cesarae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T4082A195995295. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T4082A195995295.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  17. ^ Link, A.; Boubli, J.P.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2020). "Cebus malitiosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T4084A81282214. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T4084A81282214.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  18. ^ Link, A.; Boubli, J.P.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021). "Cebus versicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39952A81282279. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39952A81282279.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  19. ^ Defler, Thomas R.; Bueno, Marta; Garcia, Javier (2010). "Callicebus caquetensis: A New and Critically Endangered Titi Monkey from Southern Caquetá, Colombia". Primate Conservation. 25: 1–9. doi:10.1896/052.025.0101. S2CID 83583912. 136211.
  20. ^ Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1988
  21. ^ Aotus dindensis in the Paleobiology Database
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Tejedor, 2013, p.22
  23. ^ Takai et al., 2001
  24. ^ Miocallicebus villaviejai in the Paleobiology Database
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i Croft, 2007, p.301
  26. ^ Stirtonia tatacoensis in the Paleobiology Database
  27. ^ Setoguchi, 1985
  28. ^ Stirtonia victoriae in the Paleobiology Database
  29. ^ Lagonimico conclucatus in the Paleobiology Database
  30. ^ Defler, 2004, p.32
  31. ^ Micodon kiotensis in the Paleobiology Database
  32. ^ Patasola magdalenae in the Paleobiology Database
  33. ^ Rosenberger et al., 1991
  34. ^ Neosaimiri annectens in the Paleobiology Database
  35. ^ Neosaimiri fieldsi in the Paleobiology Database
  36. ^ Organ & Lemelin, 2011
  37. ^ Cebupithecia sarmientoi in the Paleobiology Database
  38. ^ Meldrum & Kay, 1997
  39. ^ Nuciruptor rubricae in the Paleobiology Database

Bibliography

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