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Minaret Formation

Coordinates: 79°24′S 84°48′W / 79.4°S 84.8°W / -79.4; -84.8
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Minaret Formation
Stratigraphic range: Guzhangian-Cambrian Stage 10
(Merioneth-Dresbachian)
~500–488 Ma
Minaret Formation is located in Antarctica
Minaret Formation
Minaret Formation
Minaret Formation (Antarctica)
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofHeritage Group
UnderliesCrashsite Group
 Howard Nunataks Formation
OverliesLiberty Hills & Springer Peak Formations
ThicknessUp to 600 m (2,000 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryLimestone
Location
Coordinates79°24′S 84°48′W / 79.4°S 84.8°W / -79.4; -84.8
RegionEllsworth Land
CountryAntarctica
ExtentEllsworth Mountains, Yochelson Ridge & Heritage Range

Paleogeography of the Cambrian with the supercontinent Pannotia and Antarctica south of the paleo-equator

The Minaret Formation is a Late Cambrian limestone formation of the Heritage Group of Antarctica. The age of the formation is established to be Guzhangian to Cambrian Stage 10 (or Merioneth to Dresbachian in the regional stratigraphy), dated at ranging from 500 to 488 Ma.[1]

The formation has provided the first known Late Cambrian archaeocyathid,[2] and Knightoconus antarcticus, an ancestor to the cephalopods.[3]

Description

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The Minaret Formation forms a discontinuous limestone unit exposed from Webers Peaks in the northern Heritage Range to the Independence Hills in Horseshoe Valley of the Ellsworth Mountains. At Mount Rosenthal, at the head of Horseshoe Valley, the Minaret Formation is formed predominantly of white to pale grey micritic limestone with thin, discrete interbeds of oolitic and oncolithic grainstones.[4]

The Minaret Formation is the uppermost formation of the Heritage Group, overlying the Liberty Hills and Springer Peak Formations. The formation is overlain by the Howard Nunataks Formation of the Crashsite Group.[5] The formation reaches a thickness of 600 metres (2,000 ft) in the south of its extent.[6] The formation ranges from shallow to deep marine.[7] The Minaret fauna contains the first known Late Cambrian archaeocyathid.[2] During the final stages of Gondwanian deformation, structureless and stratified post-cleavage breccia bodies formed in the carbonate lithologies of the Minaret Formation, due to cave-like dissolution processes and contemporaneous low temperature hydrothermal activity.[8]

Fossil content

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The reefal limestones of the formation have provided fossils:[1]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Minaret Formation at Fossilworks.org
  2. ^ a b Webers & Splettstoesser, 2007, p.5
  3. ^ Yochelson et al., 1973
  4. ^ Curtis & Lomas, 1999, p.66
  5. ^ Curtis & Lomas, 1999, p.65
  6. ^ Webers & Splettstoesser, 2007, p.3
  7. ^ Curtis & Lomas, 1999, p.71
  8. ^ Curtis & Lomas, 1999, p.64
  9. ^ Debrenne et al., 1984
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Webers et al., 1992
  11. ^ a b Buggisch et al., 1992, p.170
  12. ^ a b c d Buggisch et al., 1992, p.172
  13. ^ a b Buggisch et al., 1992, p.173

Bibliography

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  • Webers, G.F.; Splettstoesser, J.F. (2007), "Review of the geology and paleontology of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica" (PDF), USGS and the National Academies; USGS OF-2007-1047, Short Research Paper, 107: 1–5, retrieved 2020-07-11
  • Curtis, Michael L.; Lomas, Simon A. (1999), "Late Cambrian stratigraphy of the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains: implications for basin evolution", Antarctic Science, 11 (1): 63–77, Bibcode:1999AntSc..11...63C, doi:10.1017/S0954102099000103, retrieved 2020-07-11
  • Buggisch, Werner; Webers, Gerald F.; Repetski, John E.; Glenister, Linda (1992), "Cambrian conodonts from the Springer Peak and Minaret Formations, Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica", Geological Society of America Memoir, 170: 169–179, doi:10.1130/MEM170-p169, retrieved 2020-07-11
  • Webers, G.F.; Pojeta, J.; Yochelson, E.L. (1992), "Cambrian Mollusca from the Minaret Formation, Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica", Geological Society of America Memoir, 170: 181–248, doi:10.1130/MEM170-p181
  • Debrenne, F.; Rozanov, A. Y.; Webers, G. F. (1984), "Upper Cambrian archaeocyatha from Antarctica", Geological Magazine, 121 (4): 291–299, Bibcode:1984GeoM..121..291D, doi:10.1017/S0016756800029186
  • Yochelson, E.L.; Flower, R.H.; Webers, G.F. (1973), "The bearing of the new Late Cambrian monoplacophoran genus Knightoconus upon the origin of the Cephalopoda", Lethaia, 6 (3): 275–309, Bibcode:1973Letha...6..275Y, doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1973.tb01199.x