Anna Maria van Schurman

Anna Mariya van Shurman
	; Anna Mariya van Shurman portreti, 1640-yil.
Tavalludi	Anna Maria van Schurman; 5-noyabr 1607-yil; Kyoln
Vafoti	4-may 1678-yil ; (70 yoshda); Wieuwerd, Frizland, Gollandiya
Fuqaroligi	Gollandiya Respublikasi
Taʼlimi	Leyden universiteti
Kasbi	Rassom, oʻymakor, shoir, olim, faylasuf, yozuvchi
Dini	Protestant (Labadistlar harakati)
Mashhur ishlari	"Dissertatio De Ingenii Muliebris ad Doctrinam"
Otasi	Frederik van Shurman
Onasi	Eva fon Xarff de Dreyborn
Imzosi

Anna Mariya van Shurman (niderlandcha: Anna Maria van Schurman; 1607-yil 5-noyabr – 1678-yil 4-may) Gollandiyalik rassom, oʻymakor, shoir, olim, faylasuf va feministik gʻoyalarning dastlabki tarafdorlaridan biri boʻlgan.^[1] U oʻzining keng bilim doirasi va ayollar taʼlimi uchun olib borgan harakatlari bilan tanilgan. Van Shurman oʻz davrining oliy maʼlumot olgan ayollaridan biri boʻlib, sanʼat, musiqa va adabiyot sohalarida chuqur bilimlarga ega edi. U 14 tilni, jumladan lotin, qadimgi yunon, ibroniy, arab va bir nechta zamonaviy Yevropa tillarini mukammal bilgan^[2].

Hayoti va taʼlimi

Anna Mariya van Shurman 1607-yil 5-noyabrda Kyoln shahrida Frederik van Shurman va Eva fon Xarff de Dreybornlar oilasida tugʻilgan. Toʻrt yoshida oʻqishni o'rganadi. Oʻn yoshida esa kashtaga turli naqshlar tushirishni boshlaydi. 1613-yilda uning oilasi Utrextga koʻchib o'tadi va oʻn yildan so'ng u yerdan Franekerga koʻchib ketishadi^[3].

Shurman taʼlimni oilasidagi oʻgʻil bola akalari bilan birga olgan. Otasi Shurmanga lotin tilini o'rgatadi va unga Leyden universiteti professorlari murabbiylik qilib borishadi. Shurman Leyden universitetida norasmiy taʼlim olgan birinchi ayol hisoblanadi^[4]. U ayollarning universitetdan chetlashtirilishiga qarshi chiqib, maʼruzalar qiladi va shu tariqa Gollandiyada universitetda oʻqigan birinchi ayolga aylangan^[5].

Ayollar taʼlimi va ijtimoiy faoliyati

Van Shurman ayollar taʼlimiga katta eʼtibor qaratgan va bu borada koʻplab qo'lyozma asarlar qoldiradi. U oʻzining "Dissertatio De Ingenii Muliebris ad Doctrinam" asarida ayollarning oʻqish huquqini himoya qilish haqida yozgan^[6]. 1638-yilda Parijda uning asari ruxsatsiz tarzda tarqatilgach, uch yil o'tib, 1641-yilda birinchi nufuzli risolasini nashr etadi. Shurman diniy asarlarni tarjima qiluvchi Daniya zodagon ayoli Birgitte Tott bilan ayollar taʼlimi masalasi tez-tez muhokama olib borgan^[7]. Shurman 1660-yillarda Labadistlar harakatiga qoʻshilib, bu harakatning asosiy yetakchilaridan biriga aylangan. U cherkov islohoti yo'lida faol harakat olib borgan Jan de Labadining taʼlimotini qoʻllab-quvvatlaydi. Shurman 1678-yil, 70 yoshida vafot etadi^[8].

Manbalar

↑ "Anna Maria van Schurman and Women's Education". Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France) 3 (138): 347–360. September 2013. doi:10.3917/rphi.133.0347. ISSN 0035-3833. https://www.cairn.info/revue-philosophique-2013-3-page-347.htm.
↑ "Anna Maria Van Schurman: From Feminism to Pietism". Church History (Cambridge and New York City: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Society of Church History) 46 (1): 48–62. March 1977. doi:10.2307/3165158. ISSN 1755-2613. https://archive.org/details/sim_church-history_1977-03_46_1/page/48.
↑ „About Anna Maria van Schurman“ (en-US). www.annamariavanschurman.org. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 4-may.
↑ „Anna Maria van Schurman“. Oxford Bibliography. Oxford University Press. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 23-sentyabr.
↑ Anna Maria Schuurmans biography in De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen (1718) by Arnold Houbraken, courtesy of the Digital library for Dutch literature
↑ Honig, Elizabeth Alice. "The Art of Being "Artistic": Dutch Women's Creative Practices in the 17th Century." Woman's Art Journal 22, no. 2 (2001): 31-39. doi:10.2307/1358900.
↑ Moore, Cornelia Niekus. "Anna Maria van Schurman (1607–1678)." Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies 11, no. 32 (1990): n5.
↑ ; Phyllis R. Brown; Jane E. JeffreyWomen Writing Latin: Early Modern Women Writing Latin. Routledge, 2014 — 271-bet. ISBN 9781135377564.

[Clarke_2013-1] "Anna Maria van Schurman and Women's Education". Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France) 3 (138): 347–360. September 2013. doi:10.3917/rphi.133.0347. ISSN 0035-3833. https://www.cairn.info/revue-philosophique-2013-3-page-347.htm.

[Irwin_1977-2] "Anna Maria Van Schurman: From Feminism to Pietism". Church History (Cambridge and New York City: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Society of Church History) 46 (1): 48–62. March 1977. doi:10.2307/3165158. ISSN 1755-2613. https://archive.org/details/sim_church-history_1977-03_46_1/page/48.

[About-3] „About Anna Maria van Schurman“ (en-US). www.annamariavanschurman.org. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 4-may.

[4] „Anna Maria van Schurman“. Oxford Bibliography. Oxford University Press. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 23-sentyabr.

[5] Anna Maria Schuurmans biography in De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen (1718) by Arnold Houbraken, courtesy of the Digital library for Dutch literature

[Honig,_Elizabeth_Alice_2001-6] Honig, Elizabeth Alice. "The Art of Being "Artistic": Dutch Women's Creative Practices in the 17th Century." Woman's Art Journal 22, no. 2 (2001): 31-39. doi:10.2307/1358900.

[7] Moore, Cornelia Niekus. "Anna Maria van Schurman (1607–1678)." Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies 11, no. 32 (1990): n5.

[Routledge-8] ; Phyllis R. Brown; Jane E. JeffreyWomen Writing Latin: Early Modern Women Writing Latin. Routledge, 2014 — 271-bet. ISBN 9781135377564.

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