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Tn̂g-chio̍h

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Tò͘-sêng tn̂g-chio̍h kò͘-thé iông-e̍k ê khòng-bu̍t ê sêng-hūn ūi-siòng tô͘.

Tn̂g-chio̍h (Hàn-jī: 長石; Eng-gí: feldspar) sī chi̍t chióng chō-gâm khòng-bu̍t ê cho̍k-kûn, sio̍k-tī ko͘-á ke-sng-iâm khòng-bu̍t, sêng-hūn ū a-lú-mih, koh ū pau-hâm sodium, calcium, potassium ia̍h-sī barium.[1] The most common members of the feldspar group are the plagioclase (sodium-calcium) tn̂g-chio̍h kap alkali (potassium-sodium) tn̂g-chio̍h.[2] Tē-khak liōng-iok ū 60% lóng sī tn̂g-chio̍h,[1] tē-kiû ê tāi-lio̍k tē-khak mā ū 41% ê tāng-liōng sī tn̂g-chio̍h.[3][4]

Tn̂g-chio̍h chit khoán khòng-bu̍t ê chú-iàu sêng-hūn sī ko͘-á ke-sng-iâm (罟仔珪酸鹽). Chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê tn̂g-chio̍h, in ê sêng-hūn ē-sái ēng saⁿ chióng toan-sêng-hūn lâi piáu-ta̍t:

Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap chô-tn̂g-chio̍h tiong-kan ê kò͘-thé iông-ek kiò-chò kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h (鹼長石). Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap chô-tn̂g-chio̍h tiong-kan ê kò͘-thé iông-ek kiò-chò chhiâ-tn̂g-chio̍h (斜長石)[5]. Chiàⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h kap hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h kan-taⁿ ē-tàng sio-lām chò iú-hān ê kò͘-thé iông-ek, bē chiâⁿ-chò khòng-bu̍t; occurs between K-feldspar and anorthite, and in the two other solid solutions, immiscibility occurs at temperatures common in the crust of the Earth. Albite is considered both a plagioclase and alkali feldspar.

Kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h

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Kiⁿ-tn̂g-chio̍h ū nn̄g chióng: chi̍t chióng pau-koat ka-lí, koh kap nā-tú-lih, a-lú-mih, ia̍h ke-sò͘ ê cho͘-ha̍p; lēng-gōa chi̍t chióng sī kā ka-lí ōaⁿ-chò barium.

  • orthoclase (monoclinic) KAlSi
    3
    O
    8
  • sanidine (monoclinic) (K,Na)AlSi
    3
    O
    8
  • microcline (triclinic) KAlSi
    3
    O
    8
  • anorthoclase (triclinic) (Na,K)AlSi
    3
    O
    8

Ammonium tn̂g-chio̍h

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Buddingtonite sī chi̍t chióng ammonium tn̂g-chio̍h, hòa-ha̍k-sek sī NH4AlSi3O8.

Barium tn̂g-chio̍h

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Barium tn̂g-chio̍h lóng sī toaⁿ-chhoa̍h ê cheng-thé, ū pau-koat

  • celsian BaAl
    2
    Si
    2
    O
    8
    [6]
  • hyalophane (K,Ba)(Al,Si)
    4
    O
    8
    [7]


Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h

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Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍hsaⁿ-chhoa̍h ê cheng-thé. Chhoa̍h-tn̂g-chio̍h ū hē-lia̍t (hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h ê phă-siàn-tò͘ siá tī leh goe̍h-bâi-tiám lāi):

  • chô-tn̂g-chio̍h (0 ~ 10) NaAlSi
    3
    O
    8
  • oligoclase (10 ~ 30) (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)AlSi
    2
    O
    8
  • andesine (30 ~ 50) NaAlSi3O8 – CaAl2Si2O8
  • labradorite (50 ~ 70) (Ca,Na)Al(Al,Si)Si
    2
    O
    8
  • bytownite (70 ~ 90) (NaSi,CaAl)AlSi
    2
    O
    8
  • hoe-tn̂g-chio̍h (90 ~ 100) CaAl
    2
    Si
    2
    O
    8

Tn̂g-chio̍h sī chéng-thé kiat-kò͘ ê ki-pún tan-ūi sī “a-lú-mih ke-sng-iâm sì-bīn-thé” (Hàn-jī: a-lú-mih 珪酸鹽四面體; Eng-gí: aluminosilicate tetrahedra). Ta̍k-ê sì-bīn-thé ê cho͘-sêng lóng sī án-ne: tiong-ng ū chi̍t ê a-lú-mih ia̍h-sī ke-sò͘ lī-chú, piⁿ-·á hō͘ sì ê sng-sò͘ lī-chú ûi-·khí-lâi. Ta̍k-ê sng-sò͘ lī-chú iū-koh chiap-tio̍h kè-piah ê sì-bīn-thé, chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t ê sam-chhù-goân ê bāng-lō͘. A-lú-mih ke-sng-iâm sì-bīn-thé tī tn̂g-chio̍h lāi-té ê kiat-kò͘ sī tn̂g tiâu liān-á, chhit-oai-poeh-choāi, ná-chhiūⁿ khū-lán-khuh liān-á.

Eng-gí miâ feldspar sī tùi Tek-gí Feldspat lâi--ê, che sī Feld (chhân) and Spat (phiáⁿ [鉼]) ha̍p--khí-lâi ê ha̍p-sêng-sû. Spat ê “chiok gâu li̍h--khui pìⁿ chi̍t phiáⁿ ê chio̍h-thâu”; Feldspat chit-ê sû sī 18 sè-kí chiah khai-sí ū khah te̍k-pia̍t ê ì-sù, khó-lêng sī in-ūi lâng chin chia̍p hō͘ lâng tiàm chhân--lí ê chio̍h-thâu téng-koân chhōe--tio̍h (Urban Brückmann, 1783); lēng-gōa chi̍t ê kóng-hoat sī kóng, i tī hoa-kong-gâm ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ gâm-chio̍h lāi-té chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t phìⁿ, kaⁿ-ná “chhân” kāng-khoán (René-Just Haüy, 1804).[8]

Seng-sán kap lō͘-ēng

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Siòng-phìⁿ

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Chham-khó chu-liāu

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Neuendorf, K.K.E.; Mehl, Jr., J.P.; Jackson, J.A. (editors) (2005). Glossary of Geology (5th pán.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. p. 232. ISBN 978-0922152896. 
  2. Deer, W.A; Howie, R.A.; Zussman, J. (2001). Rock-forming Minerals (2nd edition) Volume 4A. London: Geological Society of London. p. 2. ISBN 1-86239-081-9. 
  3. Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne P. (2010). Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes. Cambridge University Press. p. 187. ISBN 9781139788700. 
  4. Rudnick, R. L.; Gao, S. (2003). "Composition of the Continental Crust". Chū Holland, H. D.; Turekian, K. K. Treatise on Geochemistry. Treatise on Geochemistry. 3. New York: Elsevier Science. pp. 1–64. Bibcode:2003TrGeo...3....1R. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4. ISBN 978-0-08-043751-4. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī feldspar
  6. Celsian–orthoclase series on Mindat.org.
  7. Celsian–hyalophane series on Mindat.org.
  8. Lüschen, Hans (1979). Die Namen der Steine. Das Mineralreich im Spiegel der Sprache (ēng Tek-gí). Thun: Ott Verlag. p. 215. ISBN 3-7225-6265-1. 
  9. Brown, Dwayne (October 30, 2012). "NASA Rover's First Soil Studies Help Fingerprint Martian Minerals". NASA. goân-loē-iông tī 2016-06-03 hőng khó͘-pih. October 31, 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.