Wikipedia

Solar eclipse of July 30, 1916

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, July 30, 1916,[1][2][3] with a magnitude of 0.9447. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 1.75 days after apogee (on July 28, 1916, at 8:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[4]

Solar eclipse of July 30, 1916
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma−0.7709
Magnitude0.9447
Maximum eclipse
Duration384 s (6 min 24 s)
Coordinates29°00′S 132°24′E / 29°S 132.4°E / -29; 132.4
Max. width of band313 km (194 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse2:06:10
References
Saros144 (11 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000)9318

Annularity was visible from only one country, Australia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Southeast Asia, Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica.

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]

July 30, 1916 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1916 July 29 at 23:25:03.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1916 July 30 at 00:47:30.3 UTC
First Central Line 1916 July 30 at 00:50:59.3 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1916 July 30 at 00:54:34.2 UTC
Greatest Duration 1916 July 30 at 01:57:38.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1916 July 30 at 02:06:10.4 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1916 July 30 at 02:15:15.4 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1916 July 30 at 02:39:41.5 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1916 July 30 at 03:17:25.6 UTC
Last Central Line 1916 July 30 at 03:21:00.0 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1916 July 30 at 03:24:28.3 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1916 July 30 at 04:47:01.1 UTC
July 30, 1916 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.94470
Eclipse Obscuration 0.89247
Gamma –0.77095
Sun Right Ascension 08h35m48.5s
Sun Declination +18°38'31.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'45.3"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 08h34m48.1s
Moon Declination +17°59'27.9"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'44.7"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°54'06.8"
ΔT 18.7 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of July 1916
July 15
Ascending node (full moon)		 July 30
Descending node (new moon)
   
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 118		 Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 144
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Eclipses in 1916

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 144

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1913–1917

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]

The partial solar eclipses on April 6, 1913 and September 30, 1913 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the solar eclipses on December 24, 1916 (partial), June 19, 1917 (partial), and December 14, 1917 (annular) occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1913 to 1917
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
114 August 31, 1913
 
Partial 		1.4512 119 February 25, 1914
 
Annular 		−0.9416
124 August 21, 1914
 
Total 		0.7655 129 February 14, 1915
 
Annular 		−0.2024
134 August 10, 1915
 
Annular 		0.0124 139
  		February 3, 1916
 
Total 		0.4987
144 July 30, 1916
 
Annular 		−0.7709 149 January 23, 1917
 
Partial 		1.1508
154 July 19, 1917
 
Partial 		−1.5101

Saros 144

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 144, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 11, 1736. It contains annular eclipses from July 7, 1880 through August 27, 2565. There are no hybrid or total eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on May 5, 2980. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 51 at 9 minutes, 52 seconds on December 29, 2168. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[7]

Series members 5–26 occur between 1801 and 2200:
5 6 7
 
May 25, 1808 		 
June 5, 1826 		 
June 16, 1844
8 9 10
 
June 27, 1862 		 
July 7, 1880 		 
July 18, 1898
11 12 13
 
July 30, 1916 		 
August 10, 1934 		 
August 20, 1952
14 15 16
 
August 31, 1970 		 
September 11, 1988 		 
September 22, 2006
17 18 19
 
October 2, 2024 		 
October 14, 2042 		 
October 24, 2060
20 21 22
 
November 4, 2078 		 
November 15, 2096 		 
November 27, 2114
23 24 25
 
December 7, 2132 		 
December 19, 2150 		 
December 29, 2168
26
 
January 9, 2187

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between March 5, 1848 and July 30, 1935
March 5–6 December 22–24 October 9–11 July 29–30 May 17–18
108 110 112 114 116
 
March 5, 1848 		 
July 29, 1859 		 
May 17, 1863
118 120 122 124 126
 
March 6, 1867 		 
December 22, 1870 		 
October 10, 1874 		 
July 29, 1878 		 
May 17, 1882
128 130 132 134 136
 
March 5, 1886 		 
December 22, 1889 		 
October 9, 1893 		 
July 29, 1897 		 
May 18, 1901
138 140 142 144 146
 
March 6, 1905 		 
December 23, 1908 		 
October 10, 1912 		 
July 30, 1916 		 
May 18, 1920
148 150 152 154
 
March 5, 1924 		 
December 24, 1927 		 
October 11, 1931 		 
July 30, 1935

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

The partial solar eclipses on November 16, 2134 (part of Saros 164) and October 16, 2145 (part of Saros 165) are also a part of this series but are not included in the table below.

Series members between 1801 and 2069
 
June 6, 1807
(Saros 134) 		 
May 5, 1818
(Saros 135) 		 
April 3, 1829
(Saros 136) 		 
March 4, 1840
(Saros 137) 		 
February 1, 1851
(Saros 138)
 
December 31, 1861
(Saros 139) 		 
November 30, 1872
(Saros 140) 		 
October 30, 1883
(Saros 141) 		 
September 29, 1894
(Saros 142) 		 
August 30, 1905
(Saros 143)
 
July 30, 1916
(Saros 144) 		 
June 29, 1927
(Saros 145) 		 
May 29, 1938
(Saros 146) 		 
April 28, 1949
(Saros 147) 		 
March 27, 1960
(Saros 148)
 
February 25, 1971
(Saros 149) 		 
January 25, 1982
(Saros 150) 		 
December 24, 1992
(Saros 151) 		 
November 23, 2003
(Saros 152) 		 
October 23, 2014
(Saros 153)
 
September 21, 2025
(Saros 154) 		 
August 21, 2036
(Saros 155) 		 
July 22, 2047
(Saros 156) 		 
June 21, 2058
(Saros 157) 		 
May 20, 2069
(Saros 158)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
September 28, 1829
(Saros 141) 		 
September 7, 1858
(Saros 142) 		 
August 19, 1887
(Saros 143)
 
July 30, 1916
(Saros 144) 		 
July 9, 1945
(Saros 145) 		 
June 20, 1974
(Saros 146)
 
May 31, 2003
(Saros 147) 		 
May 9, 2032
(Saros 148) 		 
April 20, 2061
(Saros 149)
 
March 31, 2090
(Saros 150) 		 
March 11, 2119
(Saros 151) 		 
February 19, 2148
(Saros 152)
 
January 29, 2177
(Saros 153)

Notes

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  1. ^ "July 29–30, 1916 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  2. ^ "ECLIPSE OF THE SUN. A STRIKING SPECTACLE. CROWDS USE SMOKED GLASS. WORK IN OBSERVATORY". The Age. Melbourne, Victoria, Victoria, Australia. 1916-07-31. p. 8. Retrieved 2023-12-02 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "SOLAR ECLIPSE. SPLENDID VIEW IN SYDNEY". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia. 1916-07-31. p. 8. Retrieved 2023-12-02 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  5. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1916 Jul 30". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  6. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  7. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 144". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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