震旦
Chinese
[edit]phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (震旦) | 震 | 旦 | |
simp. #(震旦) | 震 | 旦 | |
alternative forms | 震丹 真丹 真旦 振旦 神丹 |
Etymology
[edit]First attested in the 3rd–4th centuries CE.
Borrowed from Sanskrit चीनस्थान (cīnasthāna), or a name etymologically related; compare Sogdian [script needed] (cynstʾn /*čīnastan/), Persian چینستان, Armenian Չինաստան (Čʻinastan), Ancient Greek Τζίνιστα (Tzínista).
Folk etymology interprets the this word orthographically, as a compound of 震 (zhèn, “one of the Eight Trigrams; the East”) + 旦 (dàn, “dawn; the direction of sunrise”), in reference to China's eastward position relative to India. For example, the Buddhist reference work Collection of Meanings and Terms in Translation (翻譯名義集) [12th century CE] has the following passage on the origin of this term:
More discussion on the etymology of Zhèndàn can be found in Notes on Marco Polo (Vol. 1).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ ㄉㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Jhèndàn
- Wade–Giles: Chên4-tan4
- Yale: Jèn-dàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jenndann
- Palladius: Чжэньдань (Čžɛnʹdanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 震旦
震蛋
振旦
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zan3 daan3
- Yale: jan daan
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzan3 daan3
- Guangdong Romanization: zen3 dan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐn³³ taːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Middle Chinese: tsyinH tanH
Proper noun
[edit]震旦
Synonyms
[edit]- 中 (abbreviation)
- 中原 (Zhōngyuán)
- 中國/中国 (Zhōngguó)
- 中華/中华 (Zhōnghuá)
- 九州 (Jiǔzhōu)
- 唐山 (Tángshān)
- 域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
- 天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
- 天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
- 支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
- 桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
- 猜拿 (Cāiná) (transliteration of English China)
- 神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
- 種花家/种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
- 脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
- 至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
- 華/华 (abbreviation)
- 華夏/华夏 (Huáxià)
- 諸夏/诸夏 (Zhūxià)
- 諸華/诸华 (Zhūhuá)
- 赤縣/赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
- 赤縣神州/赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
- 震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)
Related terms
[edit]- 支那 (Zhīnà)
References
[edit]- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922),
“支那” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
- Chinese terms borrowed from Sanskrit
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