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April 1940

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The following events occurred in April 1940:

April 1, 1940 (Monday)

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  • The 1940 United States Census was taken.
  • The BBC broadcast what appeared to be a speech by Adolf Hitler, in which the Führer reminded the audience that Columbus had discovered America with the help of German science and technology, and therefore Germany had a right "to have some part in the achievement which this voyage of discovery was to result in." This meant that all Americans of Czech and Polish descent were entitled to come under the protection of Germany and that Hitler would "enforce that right, not only theoretically but practically." Once the German Protectorate was extended to the United States, the Statue of Liberty would be removed to alleviate traffic congestion and the White House would be renamed the Brown House. CBS contacted the BBC in something of a panic trying to learn more about the origin of the broadcast, not realizing that it was an April Fools' Day hoax. The voice of Hitler had been impersonated by the actor Martin Miller.[1][2]
  • The soap opera Portia Faces Life premiered in syndication on American radio.
  • Born: Wangari Maathai, environmental and political activist and Nobel laureate, in Ihithe, Tetu, Kenya (d. 2011)
  • Died: John A. Hobson, 81, English economist and social scientist

April 2, 1940 (Tuesday)

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April 3, 1940 (Wednesday)

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April 4, 1940 (Thursday)

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  • Neville Chamberlain gave a speech to the Conservative Party in London stating he was confident of victory and that Hitler had "missed the bus" by not taking advantage of Germany's military superiority over Britain at the beginning of the war.[11]
  • 34 French communists convicted of illegally attempting to reorganize the Communist Party were sentenced to five years in prison. Eight others received suspended sentences of four years.[12]
  • The musical stage comedy Higher and Higher by Rodgers and Hart premiered at the Shubert Theatre on Broadway.

April 5, 1940 (Friday)

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April 6, 1940 (Saturday)

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April 7, 1940 (Sunday)

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April 8, 1940 (Monday)

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April 9, 1940 (Tuesday)

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April 10, 1940 (Wednesday)

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April 11, 1940 (Thursday)

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  • The German pocket battleship Lützow was knocked out of action for a year after being hit by a torpedo from the British submarine HMS Spearfish in the Kattegat.[4]
  • First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill made a speech to the House of Commons announcing that the strategically important Faroe Islands belonging to Denmark were now being occupied by Britain. "We shall shield the Faroe Islands from all the severities of war and establish ourselves there conveniently by sea and air until the moment comes when they will be handed back to the Crown and people of a Denmark liberated from the foul thraldom in which they have been plunged by the German aggression," Churchill said.[21]
  • Belgium canceled army leave.[6]

April 12, 1940 (Friday)

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  • The Cyprus Regiment was founded.
  • During a press conference at the White House, reporters asked President Roosevelt whether a violation of the integrity of Greenland, such as a German invasion, would raise the question of applying the Monroe Doctrine. The president called the reporters "very, very premature" and "awfully hypothetical," explaining that the U.S.'s primary interest in Greenland was currently in providing relief for its 17,000 inhabitants if their supply ships from Denmark were cut off. The president also took a question about television. He said that while it had "a great future", the FCC still needed to work out the matter of monopoly prevention to ensure that no single company would control it.[22]
  • German submarine U-103 was commissioned.
  • The Alfred Hitchcock-directed psychological-thriller mystery film Rebecca premiered in the United States.
  • The science fiction horror film Dr. Cyclops was released.
  • Born: John Hagee, televangelist, in Goose Creek, Texas; Herbie Hancock, jazz musician, in Chicago, Illinois[23]
  • Died: Nestor Nyzhankivsky, 76, Ukrainian composer

April 13, 1940 (Saturday)

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April 14, 1940 (Sunday)

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  • The Battle of Dombås began in Norway.
  • Norway's King Haakon VII made a radio address telling his people that British soldiers were on their way and should be given any assistance possible.[25]
  • 350 Royal Marines landed at Namsos, the first British troops to land in Norway.[15]

April 15, 1940 (Monday)

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  • The British 146th Infantry Brigade landed at Namsos and started to advance south towards Trondheim. Further north, other British troops landed in the Lofoten Islands.[4]
  • The Battle of Hegra Fortress began in Norway.
  • Depth charges from British destroyers sank the German submarine U-49 off Narvik. The British recovered a bag from the debris containing secret operational documents including grid charts and a map of the locations of other U-boats in the area.[10][26]
  • Japanese Foreign Minister Arita Hachiro declared that all of Southeast Asia was "economically bound" to Japan and that the Japanese government would be "deeply concerned over any development accompanying an aggravation of the war in Europe that may affect the status quo of the Netherlands East Indies."[27]

April 16, 1940 (Tuesday)

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April 17, 1940 (Wednesday)

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  • The British cruiser HMS Suffolk shelled a German held-airfield at Stavanger, but was attacked by aircraft in return, heavily damaged and put out of action for almost a year.[4]
  • U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull issued a statement in response to the Japanese declaration of two days earlier. Hull's statement declared, "Any change in the status of the Netherlands Indies would directly affect the interests of many countries. The Netherlands Indies are very important in the international relationships of the whole Pacific Ocean ... They are also an important factor in the commerce of the whole world. They produce considerable portions of the world's supplies of important essential commodities such as rubber, tin, quinine, copra, etc. Many countries, including the United States, depend substantially upon them for some of these commodities." The statement went on to recite a list of international treaties that agreed to respect the rights of the Netherlands in the region.[29]
  • The British ocean liner Queen Mary arrived in Sydney to be refitted as a troopship.[4]
  • Died: Maria Kaupas, 60, American Catholic Religious Sister and founder of the Sisters of Saint Casimir

April 18, 1940 (Thursday)

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April 19, 1940 (Friday)

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April 20, 1940 (Saturday)

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  • The British 148th Infantry Brigade arrived at Lillehammer and began moving south. The British supply base at Namsos came under bombing from German forces, but there was little the British could do to fight back as they were short on anti-aircraft weaponry.[4]
  • On his 51st birthday, Hitler ordered the creation of the first Scandinavian SS unit, named SS-Verfügungstruppe Standarte Nordland.[33]
  • German submarine U-120 was commissioned.
  • Born: George Andrie, NFL defensive end, in Grand Rapids, Michigan (d. 2018)

April 21, 1940 (Sunday)

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  • German troops landed at Verdal and Kirknessvag, threatening to encircle the British 146th Infantry Brigade near Trondheim.[4]
  • Take It or Leave It, the forerunner to the popular quiz show The $64,000 Question, premiered on CBS radio.
  • Died: Walter J. Kohler, Sr., 65, American businessman and politician; Robert M. Losey, 31, American aeronautical meteorologist considered to be the first U.S. military casualty of World War II (killed in the German bombardment of Norway)

April 22, 1940 (Monday)

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April 23, 1940 (Tuesday)

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  • The Battle of Gratangen began in Norway.
  • The British 148th Brigade tried to make a stand at the strategic village of Tretten, but was too tired and underequipped to hold back the German onslaught. By the end of the day the brigade was in full retreat.[35]
  • The Rhythm Club fire in Natchez, Mississippi killed 209 people.
  • On Budget Day in the United Kingdom, Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir John Simon announced that the government was seeking an all-time record £1.234 billion in revenue to meet the cost of the war through March 1941. Taxes and duties were increased on income, alcohol, tobacco, telephone calls, telegrams of "ordinary priority" and postage.[36]
  • The Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo was visited by a German officer who expressed his intention to take over the building, but was told that it belonged to the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm and was therefore Swedish property. Nevertheless, the wartime situation made the Nobel Committee's regular activities difficult to conduct and so there would be not be any Nobel Prizes awarded for 1940, 1941 or 1942, and no ceremony until 1944 when a special one was held in New York City.[37][38][39]
  • Pee Wee Reese made his major league baseball debut for the Brooklyn Dodgers, going 1-for-3 against the Chicago Cubs.[40]
  • Born: Jaime Bateman Cayón, guerrilla leader, in Santa Marta, Colombia (d. 1983)

April 24, 1940 (Wednesday)

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April 25, 1940 (Thursday)

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  • The Battle of Gratangen ended in German victory.
  • The British 15th Infantry Brigade repulsed an assault of the 196th Division of the Wehrmacht at Kvam.[4]
  • U.S. President Roosevelt recognized the state of war between Germany and Norway and reaffirmed American neutrality in the conflict. Norwegian submarines were added to the list of belligerent ships forbidden from entering American territorial waters.[4]
  • The Norwegian torpedo boat Trygg was sunk by German bomber planes. The Germans later salvaged it and put it back into service as the Zick.
  • A bomb or land mine exploded in Dublin Castle, wounding five detectives slightly. Taoiseach Éamon de Valera inspected the damage.[42]
  • Women gained the right to vote in the Canadian province of Quebec, the last province to grant women's suffrage.[14]
  • Born: Al Pacino, actor and filmmaker, in Manhattan, New York

April 26, 1940 (Friday)

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April 27, 1940 (Saturday)

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  • Germany finally declared war on Norway. Joachim von Ribbentrop took to the airwaves shortly afterward and claimed that the Germans had captured documents from the Lillehammer sector revealing a British and French plan to occupy Norway with Norwegian complicity. That same day Samuel Hoare made a radio address of his own in which he called Ribbentrop's assertion "despicable."[44][45]
  • The Luftwaffe bombed Namsos. The order was given to evacuate the port.[10]
  • The British 15th Brigade fell back another 15 kilometers to Otta while the Germans captured the valley of Østerdalen.[15]
  • Reinhard Heydrich ordered the deportation of 2500 German Sinti to the General Government.[46]
  • Heinrich Himmler ordered the creation of a new concentration camp at Oświęcim, known in German as Auschwitz.[46]
  • German submarine U-102 was commissioned.

April 28, 1940 (Sunday)

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April 29, 1940 (Monday)

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April 30, 1940 (Tuesday)

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References

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  1. ^ Snowman, Daniel (2003). The Hitler Emigrés: The Cultural Impact on Britain of Refugees from Nazism. Pimlico. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-4464-0591-8.
  2. ^ "White House to become Brown House: the April Fool Führer". Cataloguing the Martin Miller and Hannah Norbert Miller Archive. April 1, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c Dildy, Douglas (2007). Denmark and Norway 1940: Hitler's Boldest Operation. Osprey Publishing. pp. 30, 57, 60. ISBN 978-1-84603-117-5.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "1940". World War II Database. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 528. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  6. ^ a b Chronology and Index of the Second World War, 1938–1945. Research Publications. 1990. pp. 17–19. ISBN 978-0-88736-568-3.
  7. ^ "Events occurring on Wednesday, April 3, 1940". WW2 Timelines. 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  8. ^ ""Retired" General Now A.R.P. Chief". The Argus. Melbourne: 3. April 5, 1940.
  9. ^ Black, Conrad (2003). Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom. PublicAffairs. p. 545. ISBN 978-1-61039-213-6.
  10. ^ a b c d Davidson, Edward; Manning, Dale (1999). Chronology of World War Two. London: Cassell & Co. pp. 30–31. ISBN 0-304-35309-4.
  11. ^ "Chamberlain Claims Hitler Has 'Missed the Bus'". World War II Today. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  12. ^ "French Communists Imprisoned". The Newcastle Herald. Newcastle, N.S.W. April 5, 1940. p. 1.
  13. ^ "Events occurring on Friday, April 5, 1940". WW2 Timelines. 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  14. ^ a b "1940". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Chen, Peter C. "Invasion of Denmark and Norway". World War II Database. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  16. ^ "Captain of HMS Glowworm Wins First VC of the War". World War II Today. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  17. ^ Shirer, William L. (2011). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 697–698. ISBN 978-1-4516-5168-3.
  18. ^ "World War II Norway: German Invasion (April 1940)". histclo.com. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  19. ^ a b "Events occurring on Tuesday, April 9, 1940". WW2 Timelines. 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  20. ^ "First Major Ship Sunk by Dive Bombers". World War II Today. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  21. ^ "The War at Sea". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). April 11, 1940. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  22. ^ "Press Conference #635, April 12, 1940" (PDF). FDR Library. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  23. ^ Sweet Home Cook County (PDF). Cook County Clerk. pp. 8–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  24. ^ "Events occurring on Saturday, April 13, 1940". WW2 Timelines. 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  25. ^ "King Haakon Rallies Army; Battles Germans". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune. April 15, 1940. p. 1.
  26. ^ Rohwer, Jürgen (2015). Critical Convoy Battles of WWII: Crisis in the North Atlantic, March 1943. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8117-1655-0.
  27. ^ "Events occurring on Monday, April 15, 1940". WW2 Timelines. 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  28. ^ "MLB Opening Day: The Only No Hitter". American Sports History. March 31, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  29. ^ "Hands Off Dutch East Indies - Hull; 5 Fleets Mass in Near East". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune. April 18, 1940. p. 1.
  30. ^ a b "Events occurring on Friday, April 19, 1940". WW2 Timelines. 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  31. ^ Grondahl, Paul (May 14, 2015). "Haunting echoes of horrific 1940 Little Falls train wreck". Times Union. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  32. ^ "Boston Marathon Yearly Synopses (1897–2013)". John Hancock Financial. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  33. ^ Steiner, John Michael (1975). Power Politics and Social Change in National Socialist Germany. The Hague: Mouton & Co. p. 69. ISBN 978-90-279-7651-2.
  34. ^ "Events occurring on Friday, April 22, 1940". WW2 Timelines. 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  35. ^ Kersaudy, Francois (1998). Norway 1940. Bison Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8032-7787-8.
  36. ^ "Record Taxation in Britain". The Queensland Times. Queensland. April 25, 1940. p. 6.
  37. ^ Tønnesson, Øyvind. "With Fascism on the Doorstep: The Nobel Institution in Norway, 1940–1945". nobelprize.org. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  38. ^ Sveen, Asle. "The Nobel Peace Prize and World War II". Nobeliana. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  39. ^ Lemmel, Birgitta. "The Nobel Foundation: A Century of Growth and Change." The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years. Ed. Agneta Wallin Levinovitz, Nils Ringertz. London: Imperial College Press, 2001. p. 22–23. ISBN 978-981-02-4665-5.
  40. ^ "Pee Wee Reese Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  41. ^ Martin, Robert Stanley (May 31, 2015). "Comics By the Date: January 1940 to December 1941". The Hooded Utilitarian. Archived from the original on December 4, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  42. ^ "Dublin Castle Explosion". The Mercury. Hobart. April 27, 1940. p. 2.
  43. ^ "British Suffer Further Setbacks in Central Norway". World War II Today. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  44. ^ "Fuehrer Declares War on Country And Blames Oslo". Brooklyn Eagle. Brooklyn. April 27, 1940. p. 1.
  45. ^ Rue, Larry (April 28, 1940). "British Brand Germans' Plot Charge a Lie". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago: Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  46. ^ a b Garbarini, Alexandra (2011). Jewish Responses to Persecution: Volume II, 1938–1940. Lanham, Maryland: AltaMira Press. p. 554. ISBN 978-0-7591-2039-6.
  47. ^ "Events occurring on Monday, April 29, 1940". WW2 Timelines. 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  48. ^ "President Roosevelt to the Premiere of Italy". ibiblio. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  49. ^ Collins, Sandra. "Tokyo/Helsinki 1940." Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Ed. John E. Findling and Kimberley D. Pelle. Greenwood Publishing, 2004. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-313-32278-5.
  50. ^ "1940 MLB No-Hitters". ESPN. Retrieved December 11, 2015.