Kayan miya
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food group (en) ![]() | |
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Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
plant-based food (en) ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Bangare na |
fruits and vegetables (en) ![]() |
Kayan haɗi |
cultigen (en) ![]() |
Karatun ta |
Ilimin kimiyyar noma da ethnobiology (en) ![]() |
Hashtag (en) ![]() | vegetables |
![](http://178.128.105.246/host-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Marketvegetables.jpg/220px-Marketvegetables.jpg)
![](http://178.128.105.246/host-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tomato_je.jpg/220px-Tomato_je.jpg)
![](http://178.128.105.246/host-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vegetable_harvest.jpg/220px-Vegetable_harvest.jpg)
Kayan lambu sune sassan tsire-tsire waɗanda mutane ko wasu dabbobi ke cinsu a matsayin abinci. Ana kuma amfani da ma'anar asali har yanzu ana amfani da shi ga tsire-tsire tare don alaqa da duk abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na tsire-tsire, ciki har da furanni, 'ya'yan itatuwa, mai tushe, ganye, tushen da tsaba. Ana kuma amfani da muhimmin ma'anar kalmar kayan lambu da yar tsaye ba bisa ka'ida ba. Galibi al'adun gargajiya da al'adun gargajiya. Yana Kuma iya ware kayan abinci da aka samo daga wasu tsire-tsire wadanda suka kasance 'ya'yan itace, furanni, kwayoyi, da hatsi na hatsi, amma sun haɗa da' ya'yan itaciyar kamar tumatir da courgettes, furanni kamar su broccoli, da tsaba kamar su.
Asalinsu, an tattara kayan lambu daga daji daga mafarautan kuma suka shiga namo a yawancin sassan duniya, watakila a cikin lokacin dubu goma 10,000 zuwa dubu bakwai 7,000 BC, lokacin da sabon hanyar aikin gona ya bunkasa. Da farko, za a iya shuka ciyawar da ta girma a cikin gida, amma yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, ciniki ya kawo kayan amfanin gona daga wani wuri don kara wa nau'in gida. A zamanin yau, yawancin kayan lambu suna girma a duk duniya kamar yadda izinin yanayi, kuma ana iya noma amfanin gona a cikin wurare masu kariya a wurare marasa dacewa. Kasar Sin ita ce mafi girma wajen samar da kayan lambu, kuma kasuwancin duniya a cikin kayan aikin gona yana ba masu amfani damar sayen kayan lambu da aka shuka a cikin ƙasashe masu nisa. Gwargwadon samarwa ya bambanta daga manoma mai wadatar abinci wanda ke wadatar da bukatun danginsu don abinci, zuwa matsanancin wahala na amfanin gona guda. Ya danganta da nau'in kayan lambu da ake damuwa, girbin amfanin gonar yana biyo bayan grading, adanawa, sarrafawa da tallatawa.
Za'a iya cin kayan lambu ko dai a dafa shi ko a daka kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin dan adam, yana da yawanci mai mai yawa da kwayar carbohydrates, amma yana da yawa a cikin bitamin, ma'adanai da fiber na abin da ake ci. Yawancin masana ilimin abinci suna karfafa mutane don cin 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari da yawa, kashi biyar ko sama da haka a kullun ana ba da shawarar su.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]![](http://178.128.105.246/host-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Vegetable_garden_at_Ham_House_Estate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4530.jpg/220px-Vegetable_garden_at_Ham_House_Estate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4530.jpg)
Kafin zuwan noma, mutane 'yan farauta ne. Sun tsorata don 'ya'yan itace da ake ci, kwayoyi, mai tushe, ganyayyaki, corms, da kuma karar, sun tsoratar da dabbobin da suka mutu da wadanda ke rayuwa don neman abinci. Tsarin gandun daji a cikin share gandun dajin yana zaton shine farkon misalin aikin gona; An gano nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu amfani kuma an ƙarfafa su don haɓaka yayin da aka cire nau'ikan da ba a ke so. Shuka shuka ta hanyar zaɓar nau'ikan kyawawan halaye kamar su 'ya'yan itace babba da hadaka mai ƙarfi nan da nan. Yayin da aka samo tabbaci na farko game da ciyawar ciyawa kamar alkama da sha'ir a cikin Tsarin Tsira a Gabas ta Tsakiya, da alama mutane da yawa a duniya sun fara shuka amfanin gona a cikin dubu goma 10,000 zuwa dubu bakwai 7,000 BC. Tallafin aikin gona ya ci gaba har zuwa yau, tare da manoma da yawa na karkara a Afirka, Asiya, Kudancin Amurka, da sauran wurare suna amfani da filayen filayensu don samar da isasshen abinci ga iyalansu, yayin da kowane irin kayan abinci yake amfani da shi don musayar wasu kayayyaki.
![](http://178.128.105.246/host-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Colours_of_Health_%284877352097%29.jpg/220px-Colours_of_Health_%284877352097%29.jpg)
Dukkanin tarihin da aka rubuta, attajirai sun sami damar wadatar abinci da dama da suka haɗa da nama, kayan marmari da 'ya'yan itace, to amma ga talakawa, nama ya kasance abin alatu kuma abincin da suka ci ya zama maras wahala, galibi yana ƙunshe da kayan abinci da aka yi da shinkafa, hatsin rai , sha'ir, alkama, gero ko masara. Additionarin kayan lambu ya samar da wasu iri-iri ga abincin. Babban abincin Aztecs da ke Amurka ta Tsakiya shine masara kuma sun noma tumatir, avocados, wake, barkono, kabewa, kuɓewa, gyada, da kuma ƙwayar amaranth don kara azama da kwayoyin su. A cikin Peru, Incas ya dogara da masara a kananan kwari da dankali a tsaunuka masu yawa. Sun kuma yi amfani da tsaba daga quinoa, suna inganta abincinsu da barkono, tumatir, da avocados.
A tsohuwar ƙasar Sin, shinkafa ita ce babbar ciyawar a kudu kuma alkama a arewaci, ƙarshen da aka yi shi cikin magudanar abinci, noodles, da masara. Kayan lambu da ke biye da waɗannan sun haɗa da yummu, waken soya, wake da yawa, guna, albasa mai yadu, da tafarnuwa. Abincin tsohuwar Masarawa ta samo asali ne daga burodi, galibi yana gurɓata da yashi wanda yake hana haƙoransu. Nama ya kasance mai wadatarwa amma kifi ya fi yawa. Wadannan kayan sun hada da kayan marmari da dama da suka hada da marmara, wake mai yawa, lentil, albasa, leas, tafarnuwa, radishes, da letas.
Babban abincin tsohuwar Girka shine gurasa, kuma wannan yana tattare da cukuwan akuya, zaitun, fig, kifi, da kuma lokaci-lokaci nama. kayan lambu sun hada da albasa, tafarnuwa, alkama, guna, da lentil. A cikin tsohuwar Roma, an sanya garin shinkafa mai kauri irin alkama ko wake, tare da kayan lambu amma kananan nama, da kifi ba su da daraja. Romawa sun girma wake masu yawa, gyada, albasa da toyaran ci kuma sun ci ganyen beets maimakon asalinsu.
Wasu kayan marmari na yau da kullun
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Some common vegetables | |||||
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Image | Species | Parts used | Origin | Cultivars | Kayan duniya
(×106 tons, 2012)[1] |
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Brassica oleracea | leaves, axillary buds, stems, flower heads | Europe | cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, broccoli, kale, kohlrabi,
red cabbage, Savoy cabbage, Chinese broccoli, collard greens |
70.1 |
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Brassica rapa | root, leaves | Asia | turnip, Chinese cabbage, napa cabbage, bok choy | |
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Raphanus sativus | root, leaves, seed pods, seed oil, sprouting | Southeastern Asia | radish, daikon, seedpod varieties | |
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Daucus carota | root, leaves, stems | Persia | carrot | 36.9[n 1] |
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Pastinaca sativa | root | Eurasia | parsnip | |
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Beta vulgaris | root, leaves | Europe and Near East | beetroot, sea beet, Swiss chard, sugar beet | |
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Lactuca sativa | leaves, stems, seed oil | Egypt | lettuce, celtuce | 24.9 |
Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus coccineusPhaseolus lunatus | pods, seeds | Central and South America | green bean, French bean, runner bean, haricot bean, Lima bean | 44.6[n 2] | |
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Vicia faba | pods, seeds | Mediterranean and Middle East | broad bean | |
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Pisum sativum | pods, seeds, sprouts | Mediterranean and Middle East | pea, snap pea, snow pea, split pea | 28.9[n 2] |
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Solanum tuberosum | tubers | South America | potato | 365.4 |
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Solanum melongena | fruits | South and East Asia | eggplant (aubergine) | 48.4 |
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Solanum lycopersicum | fruits | South America | tomato, see list of tomato cultivars | 161.8 |
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Cucumis sativus | fruits | Southern Asia | cucumber, see list of cucumber varieties | 65.1 |
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Cucurbita spp. | fruits, flowers | Mesoamerica | pumpkin, squash, marrow, zucchini (courgette), gourd | 24.6 |
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Allium cepa | bulbs, leaves | Asia | onion, spring onion, scallion, shallot, see list of onion cultivars | 87.2[n 2] |
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Allium sativum | bulbs | Asia | garlic | 24.8 |
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Allium ampeloprasum | leaf sheaths | Europe and Middle East | leek, elephant garlic | 21.7 |
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Capsicum annuum | fruits | North and South America | pepper, bell pepper, sweet pepper | 34.5[n 2] |
Spinacia oleracea | leaves | Central and southwestern Asia | spinach | 21.7 | |
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Dioscorea spp. | tubers | Tropical Africa | yam | 59.5 |
Ipomoea batatas | tubers, leaves, shoots | Central and South America | sweet potato, see list of sweet potato cultivars | 108.0 | |
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Manihot esculenta | tubers | South America | cassava | 269.1 |
Nutrition and health
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]![](http://178.128.105.246/host-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg/220px-Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg)
![](http://178.128.105.246/host-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg/220px-Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg)
Kayan lambu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin mutane. Yawancinsu suna da ƙarancin mai da adadin kuzari amma sun yi yawa kuma suna cikewa. Suna samar da fiber na abinci kuma sune tushen mahimmancin bitamin, ma'adanai, da abubuwan da aka gano. Musamman mahimmanci sune bitamin antioxidant A, C, da E. Lokacin da aka hada kayan lambu a cikin abincin, an sami raguwar cutar kansa, bugun jini, cututtukan zuciya, da sauran cututtukan cututtukan fata. Bincike ya nuna cewa, idan aka kwatanta da mutane wadanda ke ci kasa da uku na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari a kowace rana, wadanda ke cin abinci sama da sau biyar, suna da kusan kashi ashirin cikin kananan hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya ko bugun jini. Abubuwan da ke cikin abinci mai mahimmanci na kayan lambu sun bambanta da yawa; wasu suna dauke da kwayoyin furotin masu amfani kodayake yawanci suna dauke da mai mai yawa, da abubuwa masu yawa dabam dabam kamar su Vitamin A, Vitamin K, da Vitamin B6; maganin zalunci; ma'adinai na abinci; da kuma carbohydrates.
Koyaya, kayan lambu sau da yawa ma suna da gubobi da antinutrients wadanda ke tsoma baki tare da daukar abubuwan gina jiki. Wadannan sun hada da α-solanine, α-chaconine, enzyme inhibitors (na cholinesterase, protease, amylase, da sauransu), cyanide da kuma abubuwan kirar cyanide, oxalic acid, tannins da sauransu. kwari, da masu farauta da fungi wadanda zasu iya kai hari ga shuka. Wasu wake suna dauke da phytohaemagglutinin, kuma tushen roba yana dauke da glycoside cyanogenic kamar yadda ake yin harbe-harbe. Wadannan gubobi ana iya kashe su ta hanyar girkin da ya dace. Ganyen dankali ya kunshi glycoalkaloids kuma ya kamata a guji shi.
'Ya'yan itace da kayan marmari, musamman kayan lambu, an shanye su a cikin kusan rabin cututtukan gastrointestinal da ke haifar da noroirus a Amurka. Wadannan abinci ana cin abinci da yawa kankani ne kuma mai yiwuwa ya kazantu yayin shirye-shiryen abincin da ke dauke da cutar. Tsabtacewa yana da mahimmanci yayin sarrafa abinci da za a ci da shi, kuma irin wadannan samfuran suna bukatar tsabtace da kyau, sarrafa su, da adana su don iyakance gurbataccen aiki.[2][3][4][5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "FAOSTAT Query page". Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-09-16. Aggregate data: may include official, semi-official or estimated data
- ↑ https://www.dw.com/image/16687924_303.jpg
- ↑ https://img-global.cpcdn.com/recipes/1e0a6c6e233cc83d/751x532cq70/yankakun-kayan-miya-da-kayan-lambu-ainihin-hoton-girkin.jpg
- ↑ https://www.vegetables.co.nz/vegetables-a-z/
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3VMhj6LkKI