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Gadolinium

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Gadolinium, 64Gd
Gadolinium
Pípè /ˌɡædəˈlɪniəm/ (GAD-ə-LIN-ee-əm)
Ìhànsójúsilvery white
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Gd)157.25(3)[1]
Gadolinium ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
-

Gd

Cm
europiumgadoliniumterbium
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)64
Ẹgbẹ́group n/a
Àyèàyè 6
Àdìpọ̀Àdìpọ̀-f
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì  Lanthanide
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STPsolid
Ìgbà ìyọ́1585 K ​(1312 °C, ​2394 °F)
Ígbà ìhó3546 K ​(3273 °C, ​5923 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)7.90 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)7.4 g/cm3
Heat of fusion10.05 kJ/mol
Heat of 301.3 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity37.03 J/(mol·K)
 pressure (calculated)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1836 2028 2267 2573 2976 3535
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[2] +1, +2, +3 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.20
Atomic radiusempirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius196±6 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of gadolinium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal
Hexagonal crystal structure for gadolinium
Speed of sound thin rod2680 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion(100 °C) (α, poly) 9.4 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity10.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity(r.t.) (α, poly) 1.310 µ Ω·m
Magnetic orderingferromagnetic/paramagnetic
transition at 292 K[3]
Young's modulus(α form) 54.8 GPa
Shear modulus(α form) 21.8 GPa
Bulk modulus(α form) 37.9 GPa
Poisson ratio(α form) 0.259
Vickers hardness570 MPa
CAS Number7440-54-2
Main isotopes of gadolinium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
152Gd 0.20% 1.08×1014 y α 2.205 148Sm
154Gd 2.18% 154Gd is stable with 90 neutrons
155Gd 14.80% 155Gd is stable with 91 neutrons
156Gd 20.47% 156Gd is stable with 92 neutrons
157Gd 15.65% 157Gd is stable with 93 neutrons
158Gd 24.84% 158Gd is stable with 94 neutrons
160Gd 21.86% >1.3×1021y ββ 1.7 160Dy
Àdàkọ:Category-inline
| references


  1. Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. 
  3. Charles Kittel (1996). Introduction to Solid State Physics. New York: Wiley. p. 449.